This volume tells the stories of women born between 1890 and 1940 in eastern Tennessee and western South Carolina, who grew up on farms, in labour camps and in remote towns during an era when the region's agricultural system changed dramatically.

The thoughts, triumphs, travails, and, at times, despicable actions of a leading antebellum politician A remarkably candid set of diaries, Secret and Sacred brings to light the intimate journal notations of James Henry Hammond, a prominent South Carolina planter and slaveholder whose life story is as intriguing as that of a Faulkner character. James Henry Hammond was born into poverty but married into wealth and expanded his plantations and slaveholdings until they were among the largest in the South. A leading spokesman for the South, he served as a congressman, U.S. senator, and South Carolina governor. In his private life, he dominated his family, sexually violated his young nieces (causing a scandal that nearly wrecked his career), and fathered children by his slaves. All the while he kept his "secret and sacred" journals. These diaries, which span from 1841 to 1864, reveal a man whose fortune and intellect combined to make him an important southern leader but whose deep character flaws kept him from the true greatness to which he aspired. Carol Bleser gracefully explicates Hammond's background and weaves his entries into a cohesive collection that reads like a novel of the Old South.

The wives of Civil war commanders had widely divergent roles in their marriages before, during, and after the war - some wives changed their roles as their husbands gained prominence. Most of the wives of military commanders in this collection sought to have some influence over their husband's professional career with mixed success. Carol Bleser strongly asserts that Varina Davis's role in running the Confederate government was much larger than many have previously believed. Shirley Leckie depicts Libbie Custer using her considerable charisma and charm to win political support for her husband and promote the Boy General. Virginia Jeans Laas finds Elizabeth Blair Lee continuously counseling her husband on military affairs and using her powerful family connections to help her husband's naval career. Jessie Fremont was essentially her husband's unofficial chief of staff, even going so far as to pay a visit to Abraham Lincoln to urge him to intervene on behalf of General Fremont. Lizinka Ewell similarly swayed her husband with military advice, pressuring him to keep her son out of harm's way in battle. However, there were limits to these wives' influence. Libbie Custer seemed always careful not to overstep her bounds; Lizinka Ewell, Varina Davis and Jessie Fremont each received harsh reminders of their limitations as women when they tried to overstep traditional gender roles and intercede on their husbands' behalf. Mary Lee, Amelia Gorgas, Julia Grant and Ellen Sherman seemed to fit the more traditional female role of nurturing to their husbands privately, but they were important confidantes who provided emotional support necessary to sustain their husbands on the battlefield. Emory Thomas demonstrates that General Lee regularly confided to his wife, Mary, military details from the front; Ellen Sherman and Julia Grant habitually acted as soothing tonics to their husbands during difficult times especially early in the war, when both men were under a good deal of public scrutiny. John Marszalek argues that Sherman regulary ignored his wife's advice. Yet, Ellen Sherman, like Jessie Fremont, boldly visited the president herself in hopes of gaining Lincoln's support in countering the harsh accusations hurled at her husband. Amelia Gorgas became the family's primary caregiver and financial support when a stroke incapacitated her husband Josiah. After his death, she continued to work to support herself and their family with her own income. Their son, William Crawford Gorgas, who eliminated yellow fever from the Panama Canal region, attributed much of his success in life to his mother. For other wives, their influence was not as apparent during the war as after - especially after their husbands' deaths. Mary Anna Jackson, La Salle Corbell Pickett and Libbie Custer became professional widows of military commanders who devoted their long lives after their husbands' deaths to promoting a romaniticized image of their husbands, their marriages and themselves. Jennifer Lund Smith states that Fannie Chamberlain was unqualified to counsel her husband: but none of the other wives in this collection were formally qualified as political or military advisors. These women, like women of most any time and place, had spheres of influence, intimate strategies, outside formal, exclusively male modes of official military and political communication. General Chamberlain's wife however honestly seemed indifferent to her husband's military career. This study brings the field of Women's Studies to Civil War history to show that their were many cultural battles simultaneously occurring on the homefront.

Emmala Reed (1839-1893) may not have watched the unfolding of the Civil War from the front lines, but she nonetheless witnessed the collapse of the Confederacy. With the fall of Charleston and the burning of Columbia, waves of refugees flooded into her hometown of Anderson, South Carolina. Returning Confederate soldiers passed through this isolated settlement to get rations of cornmeal on their journey home, and eventually Union troops occupied the town. All the while this twenty-five-year-old, unmarried woman recorded what she observed from Echo Hall, her family home on Anderson's Main Street. Reed's journals from 1865 and 1866 present a detailed account of life in western South Carolina as war turned to reconstruction. Reed's postwar writings are particularly important given their rarity - many Civil War diarists stopped writing at war's end. As the daughter of Judge Jacob Pinckney Reed, a prominent lawyer, merchant, and prewar Unionist, Reed offers a perspective different from the usual ardent secessionist. than on a plantation or in an urban center. In her journals Reed captures the disheartening, chaotic period known as Presidential Reconstruction, the short span of time between the Confederate surrender and the beginnings of Congressional Reconstruction. She describes the apprehensions of people living in a relatively remote area at the war's end, the wide-eyed, end-of-the-war rumors that circulated throughout the South, and the steady procession of historically noteworthy people who moved through Anderson, many of whom visited her father at Echo Hall. Into her account of public travail Reed intertwines details about her private life. She depicts social engagements, religious events, and school activities while often recording her hope for the return of her longtime suitor. Adding a heart breaking twist to her chronicle, Reed writes candidly of her anguish and humiliation when, at last, he comes home only to marry another.