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By 1939 women represented nearly one quarter of the student
population in British universities. Though tantamount to a "social
revolution" in the eyes of many contemporaries, the process has
recieved scant attention from historians. Whilst prejudice and
hostility towards women lingered on in Oxford and Cambridge, it has
often been assumed that the female presence was welcomed elsewhere.
The younger, civic universities commonly advertised themselves as
making "no distinction of sex" in admissions, appointments, or in
educational policy. This work of social history, based on extensive
archival research, examines the truth of these claims and explores
the experiences of women teachers and students in this period.
Girls learn about "femininity" from childhood onwards, first
through their relationships in the family, and later from their
teachers and peers. Using sources which vary from diaries to
Inspector's reports, this book studies the socialization of middle-
and working-class girls in late Victorian and early-Edwardian
England. It traces the ways in which schooling at all social levels
at this time tended to reinforce lessons in the sexual division of
labour and patterns of authority between men and women, which girls
had already learned at home. Considering the social anxieties that
helped to shape the curriculum offered to working-class girls
through the period 1870-1920, the book goes on to focus on the
emergence of a social psychology of adolescent girlhood in the
early-twentieth century and finally, examines the relationship
between feminism and girls' education.
Girls learn about "femininity" from childhood onwards, first
through their relationships in the family, and later from their
teachers and peers. Using sources which vary from diaries to
Inspector s reports, this book studies the socialization of middle-
and working-class girls in late Victorian and early-Edwardian
England. It traces the ways in which schooling at all social levels
at this time tended to reinforce lessons in the sexual division of
labour and patterns of authority between men and women, which girls
had already learned at home. Considering the social anxieties that
helped to shape the curriculum offered to working-class girls
through the period 1870-1920, the book goes on to focus on the
emergence of a social psychology of adolescent girlhood in the
early-twentieth century and finally, examines the relationship
between feminism and girls education.
This compelling and stimulating book explores the gendered social
history of students in modern Britain. From the privileged youth of
Brideshead Revisited, to the scruffs at 'Scumbag University' in The
Young Ones, representations of the university undergraduate have
been decidedly male. But since the 1970s the proportion of women
students in universities in the UK has continued to rise so that
female undergraduates now outnumber their male counterparts.
Drawing upon wide-ranging original research including documentary
and archival sources, newsfilm, press coverage of student life and
life histories of men and women who graduated before the Second
World War, this text provides rich insights into changes in student
identity and experience over the past century. The book examines :
men's and women's differing expectations of higher education the
sacrifices that families made to send young people to college the
effect of equality legislation demography changing patterns of
marriage and the impact of the 'sexual revolution' on female
students the cultural life of students and the role that gender has
played in shaping them. For students of gender studies, cultural
studies and history, this book will have meaningful impact on their
degree course studies.
This compelling and stimulating book explores the gendered social
history of students in modern Britain. From the privileged youth of
Brideshead Revisited, to the scruffs at 'Scumbag University' in The
Young Ones, representations of the university undergraduate have
been decidedly male. But since the 1970s the proportion of women
students in universities in the UK has continued to rise so that
female undergraduates now outnumber their male counterparts.
Drawing upon wide-ranging original research including documentary
and archival sources, newsfilm, press coverage of student life and
life histories of men and women who graduated before the Second
World War, this text provides rich insights into changes in student
identity and experience over the past century. The book examines :
men's and women's differing expectations of higher education the
sacrifices that families made to send young people to college the
effect of equality legislation demography changing patterns of
marriage and the impact of the 'sexual revolution' on female
students the cultural life of students and the role that gender has
played in shaping them. For students of gender studies, cultural
studies and history, this book will have meaningful impact on their
degree course studies.
From dreams of Prince Charming or dashing military heroes, to the
lure of dark strangers and vampire lovers; from rock stars and
rebels to soulmates, dependable family types, or simply good
companions, female fantasies about men tell us a great deal about
the history of women. In Heartthrobs, Carol Dyhouse draws upon
literature, cinema, and popular romance to show how the changing
cultural and economic position of women has shaped their dreams
about men. When girls were supposed to be shrinking violets,
passionate females risked being seen as 'unbridled', or dangerously
out of control. Change came slowly, and young women remained
trapped in a double-bind: you may have needed a husband in order to
survive, but you had to avoid looking like a gold-digger. Show
attraction too openly and you might be judged 'fast' and
undesirable. Education and wage-earning brought independence and a
widening of horizons for women. These new economic beings showed a
sustained appetite for novel-reading, cinema-going, and the
dancehall. They sighed over Rudolph Valentino's screen performances
as tango-dancer or Arab tribesman and desert lover. Women may have
been ridiculed for these obsessions, but, as consumers, they had
new clout. This book reveals changing patterns of desire, and looks
at men through the eyes of women.
The story of how women's lives, loves, and dreams have been
re-shaped since 1950, the year of Walt Disney's Cinderella and a
time when teenage girls dreamed of marriage, Mr Right, and happy
endings... Cinderella stories captured the imagination of girls in
the 1950s, when dreams of meeting the right man could seem like a
happy ending, a solution to life's problems. But over the next
fifty years women's lives were transformed, not by the magic wand
of a fairy godmother, nor by marrying princes, but by education,
work, birth control - and feminism. However, while widening
opportunities for women were seen as progress, feminists were
regularly caricatured as man-haters, cast in the role of ugly
sisters, witches or wicked fairies in the fairy-tale. This book is
about the reshaping of women's lives, loves and dreams since 1950,
the year in which Walt Disney's film Cinderella gave expression to
popular ideas of romance, and at a time when marriage was a major
determinant of female life chances and teenage girls dreamed of Mr
Right and happy endings. It ends with the runaway success of
Disney's Frozen, in 2013 - a film with relevance to very different
times. Along the way, it illuminates how women's expectations and
emotional landscapes have shifted, asking bold questions about how
women's lives have been transformed since 1950. How have women's
changing life experiences been mirrored in new expectations about
marriage, intimacy, and family life? How have new forms of
independence through education and work, and greater control over
childbearing, altered women's life ambitions? And were feminists
right to believe that sexual equality would improve relationships
between men and women?
Horror, scandal and moral panic The popular fascination with the
moral decline of young women has permeated society for over a
hundred years. Be it flappers, beat girls, dolly birds or ladettes,
public outrage at girls' perceived permissiveness has been a
mass-media staple with each changing generation.
Eminent social historian Carol Dyhouse examines what it really
means and has meant to be a girl growing up in the swirl of
twentieth-century social change in this detailed, factual and
empathetic history. Dyhouse uses studies, interviews, articles and
news items to piece together the story of girlhood, clearly
demonstrating the value of feminism and other liberating cultural
shifts in expanding girls' aspirations and opportunities, in spite
of the negative press that has accompanied these freedoms.
This is a sparkling, panoramic account of the ever-evolving
opportunities and challenges for girls, the new ways they have able
to present and speak up for themselves, and the popular hysteria
that has frequently accompanied their progress.
How do we understand glamour? Has it empowered women or turned them
into objects? Once associated with modernity and the cutting edge,
is it entirely bound up with nostalgia and tradition? This unique
and fascinating book tells the story of glamour. It explores the
changing meanings of the word, its relationship to femininity and
fashion, and its place in twentieth century social history. Using a
rich variety of sources - from women's magazines and film to social
surveys and life histories - Carol Dyhouse examines with wit and
insight the history and meaning of costume, cosmetics, perfume and
fur. Dyhouse disentangles some of the arguments surrounding
femininity, appearance and power, directly addressing feminist
concerns. The book explores historical contexts in which glamour
served as an expression of desire in women and an assertion of
entitlement to the pleasures of affluence, finally arguing that
glamour can't simply be dismissed as oppressive, or as male
fantasy, but can carry celebratory meanings for women.
'A brilliant cultural history.' Irish Examiner Girls behave badly.
If they're not obscenity-shouting, pint-swigging ladettes, they're
narcissistic, living dolls floating around in a cloud of
self-obsession, far too busy twerking to care. And this is news. In
this witty and wonderful book, Carol Dyhouse shows that where
there's a social scandal or a wave of moral outrage, you can bet a
girl is to blame. Whether it be stories of 'brazen flappers'
staying out and up all night in the 1920s, inappropriate places for
Mars bars in the 1960s or Courtney Love's mere existence in the
1990s, bad girls have been a mass-media staple for more than a
century. And yet, despite the continued obsession with their
perceived faults and blatant disobedience, girls are infinitely
better off today than they were a century ago. This is the story of
the challenges and opportunities faced by young women growing up in
the swirl of the twentieth century, and the pop-hysteria that
continues to accompany their progress.
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