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Hundreds of millions of people live and work in forests across the
world. A vital, yet largely unexamined, aspect of their lives are
the issues and challenges of protecting and enhancing human health
in forested areas and the unique relationship between the health of
forests and the health of people. This book, written for a broad
audience, is the first comprehensive introduction to the issues
surrounding the health of people living in and around forests,
particularly in Asia, South America and Africa. Part I is a set of
synthesis chapters, addressing policy, public health, environmental
conservation, and ecological perspectives on health and forests
including women and child health, medicinal plants and viral
diseases such as Ebola, SARS and Nipah Encephalitis. Part II takes
a multi-lens approach to lead the reader to a more concrete and
holistic understanding using case studies from around the world
that cover issues as important as the links between HIV/AIDs and
the forest sector and diet and health. Part III looks at the
specific challenges to health care delivery in forested areas
including remoteness and the integration of traditional medicine
with modern health care. Generous use of boxes with specific
examples add layers of depth to the analyses and the book concludes
with a synthesis designed for use by practitioners and policymakers
to work with forest dwellers to improve their health and their
ecosystems. This book a vital addition to the knowledge base of all
professionals, academics and students working on forests, natural
resources management, health and development world-wide. Published
with People and Plants International
examines how the Adaptive Collaborative Management approach can be
utilised to address global environmental issues by complementing
global and national policies with community-based action and
commitment. argues that the activation and the empowerment of local
peoples is critical to addressing current environmental challenges.
provide concrete examples showing how a bottom-up approach can
function to enhance policies and development. will be of great
interest to students, scholars and practitioners working in the
fields of conservation, forest management, community development,
natural resource management and development studies more broadly.
This book examines the value of Adaptive Collaborative Management
for facilitating learning and collaboration with local communities
and beyond, utilising detailed studies of forest landscapes and
communities. Many forest management proposals are based on top-down
strategies, such as the Million Tree Initiatives, Forest Landscape
Restoration (FLR) and REDD+, often neglecting local communities. In
the context of the climate crisis, it is imperative that local
peoples and communities are an integral part of all decisions
relating to resource management. Rather than being seen as
beneficiaries or people to be safeguarded, they should be seen as
full partners, and Adaptive Collaborative Management is an approach
which priorities the rights and roles of communities alongside the
need to address the environmental crisis. The volume presents
detailed case studies and real life examples from across the globe,
promoting and prioritizing the voices of women and scholars and
practitioners from the Global South who are often
under-represented. Providing concrete examples of ways that a
bottom-up approach can function to enhance development sustainably,
via its practitioners and far beyond the locale in which they
initially worked, this volume demonstrates the lasting utility of
approaches like Adaptive Collaborative Management that emphasize
local control, inclusiveness and local creativity in management.
This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and
practitioners working in the fields of conservation, forest
management, community development and natural resource management
and development studies more broadly. The Open Access version of
this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made
available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No
Derivatives 4.0 license
Masculinities in Forests: Representations of Diversity demonstrates
the wide variability in ideas about, and practice of, masculinity
in different forests, and how these relate to forest management.
While forestry is widely considered a masculine domain, a
significant portion of the literature on gender and development
focuses on the role of women, not men. This book addresses this gap
and also highlights how there are significant, demonstrable
differences in masculinities from forest to forest. The book
develops a simple conceptual framework for considering
masculinities, one which both acknowledges the stability or
enduring quality of masculinities, but also the significant
masculinity-related options available to individual men within any
given culture. The author draws on her own experiences, building on
her long-term experience working globally in the conservation and
development worlds, also observing masculinities among such
professionals. The core of the book examines masculinities, based
on long-term ethnographic research in the rural Pacific Northwest
of the US; Long Segar, East Kalimantan; and Sitiung, West Sumatra,
both in Indonesia. The author concludes by pulling together the
various strands of masculine identities and discussing the
implications of these various versions of masculinity for forest
management. This book will be essential reading for students and
scholars of forestry, gender studies and conservation and
development, as well as practitioners and NGOs working in these
fields. The Open Access version of this book, available at
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780367815776, has been made
available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No
Derivatives 4.0 license.
Masculinities in Forests: Representations of Diversity demonstrates
the wide variability in ideas about, and practice of, masculinity
in different forests, and how these relate to forest management.
While forestry is widely considered a masculine domain, a
significant portion of the literature on gender and development
focuses on the role of women, not men. This book addresses this gap
and also highlights how there are significant, demonstrable
differences in masculinities from forest to forest. The book
develops a simple conceptual framework for considering
masculinities, one which both acknowledges the stability or
enduring quality of masculinities, but also the significant
masculinity-related options available to individual men within any
given culture. The author draws on her own experiences, building on
her long-term experience working globally in the conservation and
development worlds, also observing masculinities among such
professionals. The core of the book examines masculinities, based
on long-term ethnographic research in the rural Pacific Northwest
of the US; Long Segar, East Kalimantan; and Sitiung, West Sumatra,
both in Indonesia. The author concludes by pulling together the
various strands of masculine identities and discussing the
implications of these various versions of masculinity for forest
management. This book will be essential reading for students and
scholars of forestry, gender studies and conservation and
development, as well as practitioners and NGOs working in these
fields. The Open Access version of this book, available at
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780367815776, has been made
available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No
Derivatives 4.0 license.
Decentralization is sweeping the world and having dramatic and
far-reaching impacts on resource management and livelihoods,
particularly in forestry. This book is the most up-to-date
examination of the themes, experiences and lessons learned from
decentralization worldwide. Drawing on research and support from
all of the major international forestry and conservation
organizations, the book provides a balanced account that covers the
impact of decentralization on resource management worldwide, and
provides comparative global insights with wide implications for
policy, management, conservation and resource use and planning.
Topics covered include forest governance in federal systems,
democratic decentralization of forests and natural resources, paths
and pitfalls in decentralization and biodiversity conservation in
decentralized forests. The book provides in-depth case studies of
decentralization from Bolivia, Ghana, Indonesia, Russia, Scotland,
Switzerland, Uganda and the US, as well as highlights from federal
countries including Australia, Brazil, Canada, India and Malaysia.
It also addresses the critical links between the state, forests,
communities and power relations in a range of regions and
circumstances, and provides case examples of how decentralization
has been viewed and experienced by communities in Guatemala,
Philippines and Zimbabwe. The Politics of Decentralization is
state-of-the-art coverage of decentralization and is essential for
practitioners, academics and policy-makers across forestry and the
full spectrum of natural resource management.
This enlightening book brings together the work of gender and
forestry specialists from various backgrounds and fields of
research and action to analyse global gender conditions as related
to forests. Using a variety of methods and approaches, they build
on a spectrum of theoretical perspectives to bring depth and
breadth to the relevant issues and address timely and under-studied
themes. Focusing particularly on tropical forests, the book
presents both local case studies and global comparative studies
from Africa, Asia, and Latin America, as well as the US and Europe.
The studies range from personal histories of elderly American
women's attitudes toward conservation, to a combined qualitative /
quantitative international comparative study on REDD+, to a
longitudinal examination of oil palm and gender roles over time in
Kalimantan. Issues are examined across scales, from the household
to the nation state and the global arena; and reach back to the
past to inform present and future considerations. The collection
will be of relevance to academics, researchers, policy makers and
advocates with different levels of familiarity with gender issues
in the field of forestry.
This book provides a novel approach to governance relating to
biodiversity and human well-being in complex tropical landscapes,
including forests and protected areas. It focuses attention at the
interface between communities and the landscape level, building on
interdisciplinary research conducted in five countries (Cameroon,
Indonesia, Laos, Madagascar and Tanzania). In each country, the
research was set within the framework of a major national policy
thrust. The book improves our understanding of and ability to
manage complex landscapes - mosaics of differing land uses - in a
more adaptive and collaborative way that benefits both the
environment and local communities. It includes both single country
and cross-site analyses, and focuses on themes, such as
resettlement, land use planning, non-timber forest product use and
management, the disconnect between customary and formal legal
systems, and the role of larger scale policies in local level
realities. Chapters also analyze experience with monitoring and a
local governance assessment tool. The work also provides guidance
for those interested in management and governance at lower and
intermediate levels (village, district), scales likely to grow in
importance in the global effort to mitigate and adapt to climate
change.
Hundreds of millions of people live and work in forests across the
world. One vital aspect of their lives, yet largely unexamined, is
the challenge of protecting and enhancing the unique relationship
between the health of forests and the health of people. This book,
written for a broad audience, is the first comprehensive
introduction to the issues surrounding the health of people living
in and around forests, particularly in Asia, South America and
Africa. Part one is a set of synthesis chapters, addressing policy,
public health, environmental conservation and ecological
perspectives on health and forests (including women and child
health, medicinal plants and viral diseases such as Ebola, SARS and
Nipah Encephalitis). Part two takes a multi-lens approach to lead
the reader to a more concrete and holistic understanding. It
features case studies from around the world that cover important
issues such as the links between HIV/AIDS and the forest sector,
and between diet and health. Part three looks at the specific
challenges to health care delivery in forested areas, including
remoteness and the integration of traditional medicine with modern
health care. The generous use of boxes with specific examples adds
layers of depth to the analyses. The book concludes with a
synthesis designed for use by practitioners and policymakers to
work with forest dwellers to improve their health and their
ecosystems. This book is a vital addition to the knowledge base of
all professionals, academics and students working on forests,
natural resources management, health and development worldwide.
Published with CIFOR and People and Plants International
This book examines the value of Adaptive Collaborative Management
for facilitating learning and collaboration with local communities
and beyond, utilising detailed studies of forest landscapes and
communities. Many forest management proposals are based on top-down
strategies, such as the Million Tree Initiatives, Forest Landscape
Restoration (FLR) and REDD+, often neglecting local communities. In
the context of the climate crisis, it is imperative that local
peoples and communities are an integral part of all decisions
relating to resource management. Rather than being seen as
beneficiaries or people to be safeguarded, they should be seen as
full partners, and Adaptive Collaborative Management is an approach
which priorities the rights and roles of communities alongside the
need to address the environmental crisis. The volume presents
detailed case studies and real life examples from across the globe,
promoting and prioritizing the voices of women and scholars and
practitioners from the Global South who are often
under-represented. Providing concrete examples of ways that a
bottom-up approach can function to enhance development sustainably,
via its practitioners and far beyond the locale in which they
initially worked, this volume demonstrates the lasting utility of
approaches like Adaptive Collaborative Management that emphasize
local control, inclusiveness and local creativity in management.
This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and
practitioners working in the fields of conservation, forest
management, community development and natural resource management
and development studies more broadly. The Open Access version of
this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made
available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No
Derivatives 4.0 license
Indonesia contains some of Asia s most biodiverse and threatened
forests. The challenges result from both long-term management
problems and the political, social, and economic turmoil of the
past few years. The contributors to Which Way Forward? explore
recent events in Indonesia, while focusing on what can be done
differently to counter the destruction of forests due to
asset-stripping, corruption, and the absence of government
authority. Contributors to the book include anthropologists,
economists, foresters, geographers, human ecologists, and policy
analysts. Their concerns include the effects of government policies
on people living in forests, the impact of the economic crisis on
small farmers, links between corporate debt and the forest sector,
and the fires of the late 1990s. By analyzing the nation s dramatic
circumstances, they hope to demonstrate how Indonesia as well as
other developing countries might handle their challenges to protect
biodiversity and other resources, meet human needs, and deal with
political change. The book includes an afterword by Emil Salim,
former Indonesian Minister of State for Population and the
Environment and former president of the Governing Council of the
United Nations Environment Programme. A copublication of Resources
for the Future and the Center for International Forestry Research
(CIFOR) and the Institute for Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS).
Indonesia contains some of Asia s most biodiverse and threatened
forests. The challenges result from both long-term management
problems and the political, social, and economic turmoil of the
past few years. The contributors to Which Way Forward? explore
recent events in Indonesia, while focusing on what can be done
differently to counter the destruction of forests due to
asset-stripping, corruption, and the absence of government
authority. Contributors to the book include anthropologists,
economists, foresters, geographers, human ecologists, and policy
analysts. Their concerns include the effects of government policies
on people living in forests, the impact of the economic crisis on
small farmers, links between corporate debt and the forest sector,
and the fires of the late 1990s. By analyzing the nation s dramatic
circumstances, they hope to demonstrate how Indonesia as well as
other developing countries might handle their challenges to protect
biodiversity and other resources, meet human needs, and deal with
political change. The book includes an afterword by Emil Salim,
former Indonesian Minister of State for Population and the
Environment and former president of the Governing Council of the
United Nations Environment Programme. A copublication of Resources
for the Future and the Center for International Forestry Research
(CIFOR) and the Institute for Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS).
There is currently much interest in mainstreaming gender in natural
resource management, including forestry. This reader provides a
collection of key articles on gender and forests published over the
last 30 years. Including an editorial introduction and overview, it
provides an accessible collection of excellent forestry-relevant
social science within an overarching analytical framework and
demonstrates the leading debates in the field. The book will be of
great value to both biophysical science and social science students
and to professionals in training. It focuses on people and forest
interactions, providing a range of studies from both developed and
developing countries. It includes theoretical analyses,
methodological pieces, case studies, and cross-country comparisons,
and it forms a companion volume to Gender and Forests: Climate
Change, Tenure, Value Chains and Emerging Issues (2016).
While there continues to be refinement in defining and assessing
sustainable management, there remains the urgent need for policies
that create the conditions that support sustainability and can halt
or slow destructive practices already underway. Carol Colfer and
her contributors maintain that standardized solutions to forest
problems from afar have failed to address both human and
environmental needs. Such approaches, they argue, often neglect the
knowledge that local stakeholders have accumulated over generations
as forest managers and do not address issues involving the
diversity and well-being of groups within communities. The
contributors note that these problems persist despite clear
evidence that equity and social relationships, including gender
roles, are important factors in the ways that communities adapt to
change and manage forest resources overall. The Equitable Forest
offers an alternative to traditional, externally organized
strategies for forest management. Termed adaptive collaborative
management (ACM), the approach tries to better acknowledge the
diversity, complexity, and unpredictability of human and natural
systems. ACM works to strengthen local institutions and use the
knowledge and capacity of groups in local communities to enhance
the health and well-being of both forests and the people who live
in and around them. The Equitable Forest provides a detailed
explanation of the descriptive, analytical, and methodological
tools of ACM, along with accounts of early stages of its
implementation in tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin
America. Although the contributors make it clear that it is too
soon to evaluate the efficacy of ACM, their work is supported by
evidence that rural communities do make important contributions
when involved in formal forest management; that management
strategies are most effective when flexible and tailored to local
contexts; and that efforts by outside governmental and
nongovernmental organizations to support local management are
feasible from the policymaking perspective, and desirable for their
impact on human, economic, and environmental well-being.
There is currently much interest in mainstreaming gender in natural
resource management, including forestry. This reader provides a
collection of key articles on gender and forests published over the
last 30 years. Including an editorial introduction and overview, it
provides an accessible collection of excellent forestry-relevant
social science within an overarching analytical framework and
demonstrates the leading debates in the field. The book will be of
great value to both biophysical science and social science students
and to professionals in training. It focuses on people and forest
interactions, providing a range of studies from both developed and
developing countries. It includes theoretical analyses,
methodological pieces, case studies, and cross-country comparisons,
and it forms a companion volume to Gender and Forests: Climate
Change, Tenure, Value Chains and Emerging Issues (2016).
This enlightening book brings together the work of gender and
forestry specialists from various backgrounds and fields of
research and action to analyse global gender conditions as related
to forests. Using a variety of methods and approaches, they build
on a spectrum of theoretical perspectives to bring depth and
breadth to the relevant issues and address timely and under-studied
themes. Focusing particularly on tropical forests, the book
presents both local case studies and global comparative studies
from Africa, Asia, and Latin America, as well as the US and Europe.
The studies range from personal histories of elderly American
women's attitudes toward conservation, to a combined qualitative /
quantitative international comparative study on REDD+, to a
longitudinal examination of oil palm and gender roles over time in
Kalimantan. Issues are examined across scales, from the household
to the nation state and the global arena; and reach back to the
past to inform present and future considerations. The collection
will be of relevance to academics, researchers, policy makers and
advocates with different levels of familiarity with gender issues
in the field of forestry.
Forests provide vital ecosystem services crucial to human
well-being and sustainable development, and have an important role
to play in achieving the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Little attention,
however, has yet focused on how efforts to achieve the SDGs will
impact forests and forest-related livelihoods, and how these
impacts may, in turn, enhance or undermine the contributions of
forests to climate and development. This book discusses the
conditions that influence how SDGs are implemented and prioritised,
and provides a systematic, multidisciplinary global assessment of
interlinkages among the SDGs and their targets, increasing
understanding of potential synergies and unavoidable trade-offs
between goals. Ideal for academic researchers, students and
decision-makers interested in sustainable development in the
context of forests, this book will provide invaluable knowledge for
efforts undertaken to reach the SDGs. This title is available as
Open Access via Cambridge Core.
To rise to the increasingly urgent challenge of understanding the
relationship between human beings and the environment, scholars
need to step back and re-evaluate their basic premises about how
current explanations should shape the form and content of their
research. Against the Grain addresses a variety of topics in the
field of human ecology, including ecological anthropology,
evolutionary psychology, environmental history, and geography, and
challenges scholars to re-think the adequacy of their methods and
assumptions. Andrew P. Vayda concludes the volume with a critical
commentary on these issues and, more widely, on the subject of
explanation. The result is an extremely useful and provocative
prZcis for thinking about, re-evaluating, and rectifying scholarly
research.
To rise to the increasingly urgent challenge of understanding the
relationship between human beings and the environment, scholars
need to step back and re-evaluate their basic premises about how
current explanations should shape the form and content of their
research. Against the Grain addresses a variety of topics in the
field of human ecology, including ecological anthropology,
evolutionary psychology, environmental history, and geography, and
challenges scholars to re-think the adequacy of their methods and
assumptions. Andrew P. Vayda concludes the volume with a critical
commentary on these issues and, more widely, on the subject of
explanation. The result is an extremely useful and provocative
precis for thinking about, re-evaluating, and rectifying scholarly
research.
Decentralization is sweeping the world and having dramatic and
far-reaching impacts on resource management and livelihoods,
particularly in forestry. This book is the most up-to-date
examination of the themes, experiences and lessons learned from
decentralization worldwide. Drawing on research and support from
all of the major international forestry and conservation
organizations, the book provides a balanced account that covers the
impact of decentralization on resource management worldwide, and
provides comparative global insights with wide implications for
policy, management, conservation and resource use and planning.
Topics covered include forest governance in federal systems,
democratic decentralization of forests and natural resources, paths
and pitfalls in decentralization and biodiversity conservation in
decentralized forests. The book provides in-depth case studies of
decentralization from Bolivia, Ghana, Indonesia, Russia, Scotland,
Switzerland, Uganda and the US, as well as highlights from federal
countries including Australia, Brazil, Canada, India and Malaysia.
It also addresses the critical links between the state, forests,
communities and power relations in a range of regions and
circumstances, and provides case examples of how decentralization
has been viewed and experienced by communities in Guatemala,
Philippines and Zimbabwe. The Politics of Decentralization is
state-of-the-art coverage of decentralization and is essential for
practitioners, academics and policy-makers across forestry and the
full spectrum of natural resource management.
This book provides a novel approach to governance relating to
biodiversity and human well-being in complex tropical landscapes,
including forests and protected areas. It focuses attention at the
interface between communities and the landscape level, building on
interdisciplinary research conducted in five countries (Cameroon,
Indonesia, Laos, Madagascar and Tanzania). In each country, the
research was set within the framework of a major national policy
thrust. The book improves our understanding of and ability to
manage complex landscapes - mosaics of differing land uses - in a
more adaptive and collaborative way that benefits both the
environment and local communities. It includes both single country
and cross-site analyses, and focuses on themes, such as
resettlement, land use planning, non-timber forest product use and
management, the disconnect between customary and formal legal
systems, and the role of larger scale policies in local level
realities. Chapters also analyze experience with monitoring and a
local governance assessment tool. The work also provides guidance
for those interested in management and governance at lower and
intermediate levels (village, district), scales likely to grow in
importance in the global effort to mitigate and adapt to climate
change.
While there continues to be refinement in defining and assessing
sustainable management, there remains the urgent need for policies
that create the conditions that support sustainability and can halt
or slow destructive practices already underway. Carol Colfer and
her contributors maintain that standardized solutions to forest
problems from afar have failed to address both human and
environmental needs. Such approaches, they argue, often neglect the
knowledge that local stakeholders have accumulated over generations
as forest managers and do not address issues involving the
diversity and well-being of groups within communities. The
contributors note that these problems persist despite clear
evidence that equity and social relationships, including gender
roles, are important factors in the ways that communities adapt to
change and manage forest resources overall. The Equitable Forest
offers an alternative to traditional, externally organized
strategies for forest management. Termed adaptive collaborative
management (ACM), the approach tries to better acknowledge the
diversity, complexity, and unpredictability of human and natural
systems. ACM works to strengthen local institutions and use the
knowledge and capacity of groups in local communities to enhance
the health and well-being of both forests and the people who live
in and around them. The Equitable Forest provides a detailed
explanation of the descriptive, analytical, and methodological
tools of ACM, along with accounts of early stages of its
implementation in tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin
America. Although the contributors make it clear that it is too
soon to evaluate the efficacy of ACM, their work is supported by
evidence that rural communities do make important contributions
when involved in formal forest management; that management
strategies are most effective when flexible and tailored to local
contexts; and that efforts by outside governmental and
nongovernmental organizations to support local management are
feasible from the policymaking perspective, and desirable for their
impact on human, economic, and environmental well-being.
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