Born amid immense bloodshed and suffering, the Kingdom of Jerusalem remained a battlefield for almost 200 years. The long rivalry between Christianity and Islam led to the Crusades and gave rise to the Military Orders of the Templars and Hospitallers, and provided a backdrop to the careers of some of history's most famous leaders, including Richard the Lionheart and Saladin. This book shows how the savagery of the Crusaders often left their opponents reeling, creating frictions that survived more than 700 years. At the same time, as the book illustrates, art, architecture, and learning all benefited from new knowledge the Crusaders brought back from the East.

Carole Hillenbrand's book offers a profound understanding of the history of Muslims and their faith, from the life of Muhammad to the religion practised by 1.6 billion people around the world today. Each of the eleven chapters explains a core aspect of the faith in historical perspective, allowing readers to gain a sensitive understanding of the essential tenets of the religion and of the many ways in which the present is shaped by the past. It is an ideal introductory text for courses in Middle Eastern studies, in religious studies, or on Islam and its history.

At the 900th anniversary of the Crusader capture of Jerusalem, it is timely to reflect on how the phenomenon of the Crusades influenced the Muslim world, then and now, militarily, culturally and psychologically. This book discusses a group of themes designed to highlight how Muslims reacted to the alien presence of the Crusaders in the heart of traditional Muslim territory. Ideological concerns are examined and the importance of the jihad is assessed in the context of the gradual recovery of the Holy Land and the expulsion of the Crusaders. Two chapters are devoted to an analysis of warfare - arms, battles, sieges, fortifications - on the basis of written sources and extant works of art, and the neglected aspect of the navy is brought into prominence. One chapter deals with the complex issue of the interaction between Muslims and Crusaders in a social, economic and cultural setting. The epilogue traces in outline the profound impact of the Crusades on Muslim consciousness until the present day. This is not a chronological survey of the events of the period 1099 to 1291and even beyond, for that has already been done several times. Instead, this is a general book intended to introduce some of the wider aspects of the history of the Crusades from the Muslim side. Accordingly, as a deliberate policy, an attempt is made here to view the phenomenon of the Crusades entirely through the prism of medieval Muslim sources. This naturally involves bias, but such a bias is salutary given the cumulative impact of centuries of Eurocentric scholarship in this field and it should help to create a more balanced picture of this fascinating and momentous period of Christian/Muslim confrontation and interaction.

This volume collects 21 papers on Classical Islam by one of the world's leading experts on medieval Islamic history. The papers explore career of the Prophet Muhammad and the environment from which he sprang; the evolution of Islamic mysticism; political thought; and philosophical themes. It also includes investigations into the development of the late 'Abbasid caliphate; analyses of the Mirror for Princes literature; and studies of the minor dynasties of Iraq and Anatolia, and of the major cities in the region.

Hailed as a concise survey of Islamic history and culture, "An Introduction to Islam" covers everything from Islamic theology and law to the development of the Arabic, Persian, and Turkish languages, from social and economic life in the middle ages to the invention of the Muslim calendar.

The Gibb Memorial Trust, founded at the start of the 20th century, comprised among its trustees some of the most celebrated and prominent orientalists of their day. Together, they sponsored and supported research on editing and translating Arabic, Persian and Turkish manuscripts on a range of subjects, from history, literature, geography and poetry to Sufism and the Islamic sciences. This volume covers the development of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies over the last 120 years or so, as seen through the biographies of the leading scholars of the period. It opens with a short history of the Trust, before presenting a series of short biographical and often personal appreciations of these eminent Middle Eastern scholars of the past, written by existing trustees. In providing a history of this important institution, the book shines a light on the history and development of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies in Britain more broadly.

This commemorative volume discusses aspects of the life and work of the internationally famous scholar Professor W. Montgomery Watt (1909-2006). His writings on Islam and on Muslim-Christian relations gained him great prestige and respect, not only in the West but also - and perhaps more significantly - right across the Muslim world. The book includes contributions by Professor Carole Hillenbrand, Professor Fred Donner, Bishop Richard Holloway and the late Professor David Kerr, as well as substantial excerpts from Professor Watt's unpublished writings, copies of which he entrusted to Professor Hillenbrand.

Turks ruled the Middle East for a millennium and eastern Europe for many centuries and it is an undoubted fact that they moulded the lands under their dominion. It is therefore something of a paradox that the history of Turkey and aspects of the identity and role of the Turks, both as Muslims and as an ethnic group, still remain little known in the west and undervalued in the Arabic and Persian-speaking worlds. This book contributes to historical scholarship on Turkey by focusing on its key foundational myth, the battle of Manzikert in 1071 -- the Turkish equivalent of the battle of Hastings. Manzikert destroyed the hold of Christian Byzantium on eastern Turkey and opened the whole country to the spread of Islam, a process completed with the fall of Constantinople and Trebizond some four centuries later. Translations and a close analysis of all the extant Muslim sources -- both Arabic and Persian -- which deal with the battle of Manzikert are provided in the book. It also looks at these writings as literary works and vehicles of religious ideology and analyses the ongoing confrontation between the Muslim Turks and Christian Europe and the importance of Manzikert in the formation of the modern state of Turkey since 1923.

This volume collects 24 papers on the medieval Turks by one of the world's leading experts on medieval Islamic history. It covers themes such as nomadism, shamanism, clan and social structure, the role of women, military expertise, engagement with Islamic orthodoxy and the daily interface between Turks and non-Turks.

This volume collects 20 papers on the Crusades by one of the world's leading experts on medieval Islamic history. The papers showcase multiple perspectives, especially as viewed from the Muslim side. The volume explores the distinctive nature of Islamic jihad as expressed in poetry, sermons and inscriptions; the development of the counter-crusade; and the careers of major Muslim leaders including Zengi and Saladin.

This commemorative volume discusses aspects of the life and work of the internationally famous scholar Professor W. Montgomery Watt (1909-2006). His writings on Islam and on Muslim-Christian relations gained him great prestige and respect, not only in the West but also - and perhaps more significantly - right across the Muslim world. The book includes contributions by Professor Carole Hillenbrand, Professor Fred Donner, Bishop Richard Holloway and the late Professor David Kerr, as well as substantial excerpts from Professor Watt's unpublished writings, copies of which he entrusted to Professor Hillenbrand.

Presenting numerous interconnected insights into life in Greater Syria in the twelfth century, this book covers a wide range of themes relating to Crusader-Muslim relations. Some chapters deal with various literary sources, including little-known Crusader chronicles, a jihad treatise, a lost Muslim history of the Franks, biographies, letters and poems. Other chapters look at material culture, from coins to urban development, internal relations between Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims and between Crusader and Oriental Christians, and the role of the Turkmen. New insights into the career of Saladin are revealed, for example through the work of a little-known propagandist at his court, and Saladin's use of gift-giving for political purposes, as well as neglected aspects of the rule of his family dynasty, the Ayyubids, which succeeded him. Special attention is paid to the Christians residing in the Middle East, from Italians to Melkites and Armenians.

Presenting numerous interconnected insights into life in Greater Syria in the twelfth century, this book covers a wide range of themes relating to Crusader-Muslim relations. Some chapters deal with various literary sources, including little-known Crusader chronicles, a jihad treatise, a lost Muslim history of the Franks, biographies, letters and poems. Other chapters look at material culture, from coins to urban development, internal relations between Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims and between Crusader and Oriental Christians, and the role of the Turkmen. New insights into the career of Saladin are revealed, for example through the work of a little-known propagandist at his court, and Saladin's use of gift-giving for political purposes, as well as neglected aspects of the rule of his family dynasty, the Ayyubids, which succeeded him. Special attention is paid to the Christians residing in the Middle East, from Italians to Melkites and Armenians.

Carole Hillenbrand, long acknowledged as a preeminent authority on Islam, has now written a superb introduction to this great world religion, a book that promises to be the most lucid, nuanced text of its kind on the market. Beginning with the life of Muhammad, Hillenbrand firmly establishes in historical and global context the beliefs and ideals of Muslims and the branches and movements within the faith. Rather than portraying Islam as a monolithic entity, Hillenbrand emphasizes its diversity and variety. Featured chapters include, but are not limited to: Law, Diversity, Sufism, Jihad, and Women. Finally, a concluding chapter on Islam in the globalized twenty-first century is bound to appeal to instructors and students alike.

This concise, accessible glossary of key Islamic terms is written by two of France's most eminent scholars of Islam. It offers brief explanations of the core background elements required by those beginning the study of Islam and covers the following: * Famous historical figures * Theological schools * Juridicial schools * Qur'anic symbols and themes * Religious rites and institutions Focusing primarily on classical Islam, the historical references are mainly to the Sunni, Arab and Ottoman realms. This short book is an ideal text for those new to the subject of Islamic Studies and Islamic and Middle Eastern History. Key Features * Written by two of France's most eminent scholars of Islam * Offers brief, clear definitions of the key background elements needed by anyone new to the study of Islam: an ideal foundation text * There is no competing text -- glossaries within textbooks are limited in number and definitions in (expensive) encyclopedias are often very long and overly detailed for beginning students * Ideal for exam revision

At the 900th anniversary of the Crusader capture of Jerusalem, it is timely to reflect on how the phenomenon of the Crusades influenced the Muslim world, then and now, militarily, culturally and psychologically. This book discusses a group of themes designed to highlight how Muslims reacted to the alien presence of the Crusaders in the heart of traditional Muslim territory. Ideological concerns are examined and the importance of the jihad is assessed in the context of the gradual recovery of the Holy Land and the expulsion of the Crusaders. Two chapters are devoted to an analysis of warfare - arms, battles, sieges, fortifications - on the basis of written sources and extant works of art, and the neglected aspect of the navy is brought into prominence. One chapter deals with the complex issue of the interaction between Muslims and Crusaders in a social, economic and cultural setting. The epilogue traces in outline the profound impact of the Crusades on Muslim consciousness until the present day. This is not a chronological survey of the events of the period 1099 to 1291and even beyond, for that has already been done several times. Instead, this is a general book intended to introduce some of the wider aspects of the history of the Crusades from the Muslim side. Accordingly, as a deliberate policy, an attempt is made here to view the phenomenon of the Crusades entirely through the prism of medieval Muslim sources. This naturally involves bias, but such a bias is salutary given the cumulative impact of centuries of Eurocentric scholarship in this field and it should help to create a more balanced picture of this fascinating and momentous period of Christian/Muslim confrontation and interaction.

Reviews of the first edition: "Students of Islam! will find it an invaluable and convenient source of information." Journal of Semitic Studies "A major reference tool for student and teacher for many years to come." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society "This impressive book! is certain to be kept at the desk where lectures are written." Journal of the American Oriental Society "Endress presents an accurate picture of the interplay of religious inspiration and historical circumstances which shaped Islamic history from its inception! It reflects a distinct sensitivity to the nuances of the subject culture, combined with a clear command of the scholarly sources! It is therefore most appropriate for graduate students beginning a Middle East or Islamic specialization, for professional scholars with other specializations seeking a synoptic treatment of Islamic history, or for teachers in need of an outline for an Islamic survey course." MESA Bulletin This highly acclaimed survey provides a thoughtful and concise account of all aspects of Islam in history. Following an appraisal of the study of Islam, Gerhard Endress guides the reader through key elements: * Religion (including the Revelation of the prophet Muhammad and the development of doctrine in its historical setting) * Law and the state in medieval Islam * Social and economic aspects of medieval Islam * The historical development of each of the main regions of the Islamic world (the Arabian peninsula; Syria and Palestine; Iraq; Spain; North Africa; Egypt; Iran; Anatolia) * The principal trends and major periods of Islamic history * The development of Arabic, Persian and Turkish languages * Names and Titles * The Muslim calendar * A chronology of political and cultural events from the rise of Islam to the twentieth century Written in clear and accessible language, this is the essential introduction to Islamic history and culture. The new edition has been corrected and revised, and includes a fully updated bibliography.