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Studies of the ancient Greek world have typically focused on the
life histories of elite males as the group that has made the most
distinct mark on ancient Greek literature, art and material
culture. As a result, the voices of foreigners, the physically
impaired, the impoverished and the generally disenfranchised have
been silent, which has substantially complicated the creation of a
historical narrative of these marginalised groups. To address this
lacuna, previous research has turned to the limited evidence found
in literature and material culture to reconstruct societal
attitudes toward disenfranchised peoples. This book departs from
that approach by primarily considering the skeletal remains and
burial contexts of the individuals themselves. Drawing upon
literary, artistic, material and biological evidence, it sheds new
light on groups of individuals who were typically relegated to the
periphery of Greek society in the Late Archaic and Classical
periods. Offering the first comprehensive treatment of the
biological evidence for marginality in the ancient Greek world,
this book argues that intersectionality was the driving factor
behind social marginalisation in the Late Archaic and Classical
Greek world.
The Ancient Art of Transformation: Case Studies from Mediterranean
Contexts examines instances of human transformation in the ancient
and early Christian Mediterranean world by exploring the ways in
which art impacts, aids, or provides evidence for physical,
spiritual, personal, and social transitions. Building on Arnold van
Gennep's notion of universal rites of passage, papers in this
volume expand the definition of "transformation" to include
widespread transitions such as shifts in political establishments
and changes in cultural identity. In considering these broadly
defined "passages," authors have observed particular changes in the
visual record, whether they be manifest, enigmatic, or symbolic.
While several papers address transitions that are incomplete,
resulting in intermediary, hybrid states, others suggest that the
medium itself can be integral to interpreting a transition, and in
some cases, be itself transformed. Together, the volume covers not
only a broad chronological span (c. 5th century BC to 4th century
AD), but also an expansive geographical range (Egypt, Greece, and
Italy). Reflecting upon issues central to a variety of
Mediterranean cultures (Egyptians, Etruscans, Greeks, Romans, and
early Christians), The Ancient Art of Transformation documents how
personal, societal, and historical changes become permanently fixed
in the material record. The Ancient Art of Transformation examines
the visual manifestation of human transformation in the ancient and
early medieval Mediterranean world, exploring the role of art and
visual culture in enabling, hindering, or documenting physical,
spiritual, personal, and social transitions such as pregnancy and
birth, initiations, marriage, death and funerals. The definition of
"transformation" is also expanded to address instances of less
personal and more widespread transitions such as shifts in
political establishments and changes in cultural identity in
geographic locations. Additionally, although the ancient material
record documents certain rites of passage such as marriage and
death extensively, artifacts and their accompanying images are
often studied simply to reconstruct these social processes. Authors
here suggest that material evidence itself can be integral to
interpreting a transition, and in some cases, be itself
transformed. Further, several papers address transitions that are
incomplete, resulting in intermediary, hybrid states that are very
often reflected in the visual record such as Athenian vase-painting
imagery forecasting the bride as a mother, displays of nudity that
reflect intermediate life stages in Etruscan art and Octavian's
visual transformation into Pharaoh and Augustus in Egyptian
architecture and material culture. At its core the volume
establishes current methods for understanding how ancient visual
culture shaped, informed, and was affected by processes of
transformation. Together, these papers offer a close examination of
various types of visual evidence from several cultures and periods
(e.g., Etruscan, Greek, Roman, early Christian), and document how
personal, societal, historical changes become permanently fixed in
the material record.
In December of 2016, the University of the Aegean's Department of
Mediterranean Studies held a symposium in Rhodes on the topic of
"Religion, Politics, and Culture in the Mediterranean from the 8th
to the 6th Centuries BC." The conference was organized by the
Aegean Egyptology group and Laboratory of the Ancient World of the
Eastern Mediterranean and was directed by Panagiotis Kousoulis.
This volume publishes a selection of the papers presented at the
symposium.
Human remains and burial customs are often considered separately in
studies of ancient Greek populations. In this seminal work, Carrie
Sulosky Weaver synthesizes skeletal, material, and ritual data to
reconstruct the cultural practices of Kamarina, a city-state in
Sicily. Using evidence from 258 recovered graves from the Passo
Marinaro necropolis (circa the fifth to the third century BCE),
Sulosky Weaver suggests that Kamarineans were closely linked to
their counterparts in neighboring Greek cities. Evidence of
violence, like head trauma and a high young adult mortality rate,
indicate exposure to a series of catastrophic events. Other
evidence at burial sites allude to Kamarina's mixed ancestry,
ethnicity, and social hierarchy. Despite the tumultuous nature of
the times, the resulting portrait reveals that Kamarina was a place
where individuals of diverse ethnicities and ancestries were united
in life and death by shared culture and funerary practices.
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