This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 14th Brazilian Symposium on Formal Methods, SBMF 2011, held in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in September 2011; co-located with CBSoft 2011, the second Brazilian Conference on Software: Theory and Practice. The 13 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 37 submissions. The papers presented cover a broad range of foundational and methodological issues in formal methods for the design and analysis of software and hardware systems as well as applications in various domains.

Written by the members of the IFIP Working Group 2.3 (Programming Methodology) this text constitutes an exciting reference on the front-line of research activity in programming methodology. The range of subjects reflects the current interests of the members, and will offer insightful and controversial opinions on modern programming methods and practice. The material is arranged in thematic sections, each one introduced by a problem which epitomizes the spirit of that topic. The exemplary problem will encourage vigorous discussion and will form the basis for an introduction/tutorial for its section.

Illustrates by example the typical steps necessary in computer science to build a mathematical model of any programming paradigm .

Presents results of a large and integrated body of research in the area of 'quantitative' program logics.

ThisvolumecontainsthepaperspresentedatICTAC2009:the6thInternational Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing held August 18-20, 2009 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, hosted by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The ICTAC series was founded by the International Institute for Software Technology of the United Nations University (UNU-IIST). It brings together practitionersandresearchersfromacademia,industryandgovernmenttopresent results and to exchange ideas and experience addressing challenges in both t- oretical aspects of computing and in the exploitation of theory through me- ods and tools for system development. The series also promotes cooperation in research and education between participants and their institutions, from dev- oping and industrial countries, in accordance with the mandate of the United Nations University. The previous ICTAC colloquia were held in Guiyang, China (2004, LNCS 3407), Hanoi, Vietnam (2005, LNCS 3722), Tunis, Tunisia (2006, LNCS 4281), Macao SAR, China (2007, LNCS 4711), and Istanbul, Turkey (2008, LNCS 5160). This year, 81 submissions were received, distributed over 70 full research papers and 11 tool papers. Each submission was reviewed by at least three P- gram Committee members. We thank the members of the Program Committee and the other specialist referees for the e?ort and skill that they invested in the review and selection process, which was managed using EasyChair. The C- mittee decided to accept 20 papers: 17 full research papers and 3 tool papers.

The IFIP working group 2.3 (Programming Methodology) is made up of internationally prominent computing academics and industrialists, and broadly its purpose is to invent, discuss and assess new and emerging techniques for improving the quality of software and systems. The group's membership has been influential in topics such as program correctness, object orientation, operating systems and distributed computing; indeed many thriving areas of research nowadays are based on ideas which were once scrutinized by the 2.3 working committee. This is a volume of chapters written by the membership which will form a reference and guide to the front line of research activity in programming methodology. The range of subjects reflects the current interests of the members, and will offer insightful and controversial opinions on modern programming methods and practice. The material is arranged in thematic sections, each one introduced by a problem which epitomizes the spirit of that topic. The exemplary problem will encourage vigorous discussion and will form the basis for an introduction/tutorial for its section.

On the Refinement Calculus gives one view of the development of the refinement calculus and its attempt to bring together - among other things - Z specifications and Dijkstra's programming language. It is an excellent source of reference material for all those seeking the background and mathematical underpinnings of the refinement calculus.

Not very long ago, the uninhibited use of mathematics in the development of software was regarded as something for academics alone. Today, there is moreand more interest from industry in formal methods based on mathematics. This interest has come from the success of a number of experiments on real industrial applications. Thus, there is not only a belief, but also evidence, that the study of computer programs as mathematical objects leads to more efficient methods for constructing them. The papers in this volume were presented at the Second International Conference on the Mathematics of Program Construction, held at St. Catherine's College, Oxford, June 29 - July 3, 1992. The conference was organized by the Oxford University Programming Research Group, and continued the theme set by the first - the use of crisp, clear mathematics in the discovery and design of algorithms. The second conference gives evidence of the ever-widening impact of precise mathematical methods in program development. There are papers applying mathematics not only to sequential programs but also to parallel and on-current applications, real-time and reactive systems, and to designs realised directly in hardware. The volume includes 5 invited papers and 19 contributed papers.

This book presents a comprehensive mathematical theory that explains precisely what information flow is, how it can be assessed quantitatively - so bringing precise meaning to the intuition that certain information leaks are small enough to be tolerated - and how systems can be constructed that achieve rigorous, quantitative information-flow guarantees in those terms. It addresses the fundamental challenge that functional and practical requirements frequently conflict with the goal of preserving confidentiality, making perfect security unattainable. Topics include: a systematic presentation of how unwanted information flow, i.e., "leaks", can be quantified in operationally significant ways and then bounded, both with respect to estimated benefit for an attacking adversary and by comparisons between alternative implementations; a detailed study of capacity, refinement, and Dalenius leakage, supporting robust leakage assessments; a unification of information-theoretic channels and information-leaking sequential programs within the same framework; and a collection of case studies, showing how the theory can be applied to interesting realistic scenarios. The text is unified, self-contained and comprehensive, accessible to students and researchers with some knowledge of discrete probability and undergraduate mathematics, and contains exercises to facilitate its use as a course textbook.

The book is a focused survey on probabilistic program semantics, conceived to tell a coherent story with a uniform notation. It is grouped into three themes: Part I is for 'users' of the techniques who will be developing actual programs; Part II gives mathematical foundations intended for those studying exactly how it was done and how to build semantic structures/models in their own work; and Part III describes a very 'hot' research direction, temporal logic and model checking. Topics and features: - introduces readers to very up-to-date research in the mathematics of rigorous development of randomized (probabilistic) algorithms- illustrates by example the typical steps necessary in computer science to build a mathematical model of any programming paradigm- presents results of a large and integrated body of research in the area of 'quantitative' program logics. An advanced research survey monograph, integrating three major topic areas.

This collectively authored volume celebrates a group of Native critics performing community in a lively, rigorous, sometimes contentious dialogue that challenges the aesthetics of individual literary representation.Janice Acoose infuses a Cree reading of Canadian Cree literature with a creative turn to Cree language; Lisa Brooks looks at eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century Native writers and discovers little-known networks among them; Tol Foster argues for a regional approach to Native studies that can include unlikely subjects such as Will Rogers; LeAnne Howe creates a fictional character, Embarrassed Grief, whose problematic authenticity opens up literary debates; Daniel Heath Justice takes on two prominent critics who see mixed-blood identities differently than he does in relation to kinship; Phillip Carroll Morgan uncovers written Choctaw literary criticism from the 1830s on the subject of oral performance; Kimberly Roppolo advocates an intertribal rhetoric that can form a linguistic foundation for criticism. Cheryl Suzack situates feminist theories within Native culture with an eye to applying them to subjugated groups across Indian Country; Christopher B. Teuton organizes Native literary criticism into three modes based on community awareness; Sean Teuton opens up new sites for literary performance inside prisons with Native inmates; Robert Warrior wants literary analysis to consider the challenges of eroticism; Craig S. Womack introduces the book by historicizing book-length Native-authored criticism published between 1986 and 1997, and he concludes the volume with an essay on theorizing experience. Reasoning Together proposes nothing less than a paradigm shift in American Indian literary criticism, closing the gap between theory and activism by situating Native literature in real-life experiences and tribal histories. It is an accessible collection that will suit a wide range of courses - and will educate and energize anyone engaged in criticism of Native literature.

Native Writers Circle Of The Americas First Book Award For Poetry These poems rise from the smoke of a Council Fire. Around the fire gather many nations of the world, some angry, some at peace. The nations' emissaries accept invitations to stand together at the Fork-in-the-Road Indian Poetry Store and turn rhythmically to the four cardinal directions, so that the earth can regain its balance. Facing East, the ambassadors see Flags of Mercy hanging over New York City and Nagasaki, then encounter and embrace a manic-depressive Native Hawaiian-Cherokee medicine man in Oklahoma City. Traveling closer to the moon and stars they fly with a dreamer in the Garden of the Bumblebees, and they listen in Weleetka, Oklahoma, to the last two living speakers of Yuchi. Turning North, the councilors ice skate with post-Vietnam revolutionaries on glacier lakes in Idaho. They chase grouse in snow two feet deep, ponder dormancy in hyphenated winters and university libraries, and learn the best way to build a fall fire. Facing West, they lie on cool, creek bed vulvas of earth in sweltering Great Plains summer, navigate a wilderness river in canoes, and kiss a lover at dawn in the Chihuahan desert. Finally, turning in the divine direction South, the emissaries hear The Story of The Seeds, a journey back to 1540, to the conquest of Mabila by De Soto. In a stream of survival, they emigrate with Choctaws on trails of tears from Mississippi to Oklahoma, before sharing big ripe melons in the delta of the Vegetable River. They finish their revolution facing east again, just before dawn.