Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose in several target tissues, including skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, thereby contributing to the decline in the blood glucose level. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the regulation, signalling pathways and health implications of glucose uptake. Topics include glucose uptake and transport regulation; the mechanisms that contribute to glucose homeostasis; expression and regulation of neuronal glucose transporters in health and disease; role for the microvasculature in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; implications of diabetes on sperm glucose uptake and metabolism; the beneficial role of estrogen signalling in glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure; glucose uptake and androgen responsiveness of prostate cancer cells; regulation of intestinal glucose uptake by leptin; and the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins in glucose transporter type 4-mediated glucose uptake in insulin-responsive tissues.