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A comprehensive introduction to the important economic, social and
political processes and development issues in this extremely
popular region. The Central American nations and those of the
Caribbean (including Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana on the
mainland) share many historical processes as well as experiencing
similar development problems today. These include European
colonialism, structural adjustment, small size, reliance on primary
production, influence of the United States and moves towards
democratisation. While Mexico is obviously a much larger country in
area, economy and population terms, it is included in this volume
because of its close ties to the other countries in the region
through processes such as trade and migration.
Developing regions are set to account for the vast majority of
future urban growth, and women and girls will become the majority
inhabitants of these locations in the Global South. This is one of
the first books to detail the challenges facing poorer segments of
the female population who commonly reside in 'slums'. It explores
the variegated disadvantages of urban poverty and slum-dwelling
from a gender perspective. This book revolves around
conceptualisation of the 'gender-urban-slum interface' which
explains key elements to understanding women's experiences in slum
environments. It has a specific focus on the ways in which gender
inequalities are can be entrenched but also alleviated. Included is
a review of the demographic factors which are increasingly making
cities everywhere 'feminised spaces', such as increased rural-urban
migration among women, demographic ageing, and rising proportions
of female-headed households in urban areas. Discussions focus in
particular on education, paid and unpaid work, access to land,
property and urban services, violence, intra-urban mobility, and
political participation and representation. This book will be of
use to researchers and professionals concerned with gender and
development, urbanisation and rural-urban migration.
Latin America is both the world's most urbanized fastest developing
regions, where the links between social exclusion, inequality and
violence are clearly visible. The banal, ubiquitous nature of drug
crime, robbery, gang and intra-family violence destabilizes
countries' economies and harms their people and social structures.
Encounters with Violence & Crime in Latin America explores the
meaning of violence and insecurity in nine towns and cities in
Columbia and Guatemala to create a framework of how and why daily
violence takes place at the community level. It uses pioneering new
methods of participatory urban appraisal to ask local people about
their own perceptions of violence as mediated by family, gender,
ethnicity and age. It develops a typology which distinguishes
between the political, social, and economic violence that afflicts
communities, and which assesses the costs of consequences of
violence in terms of community cohesion and social capital. This
gives voice to those whose daily lives and dominated by widespread
aggression, and provides important new insights for researchers and
policy-makers.
A comprehensive introduction to the important economic, social and
political processes and development issues in this extremely
popular region. The Central American nations and those of the
Caribbean (including Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana on the
mainland) share many historical processes as well as experiencing
similar development problems today. These include European
colonialism, structural adjustment, small size, reliance on primary
production, influence of the United States and moves towards
democratisation. While Mexico is obviously a much larger country in
area, economy and population terms, it is included in this volume
because of its close ties to the other countries in the region
through processes such as trade and migration.
Latin America is both the world's most urbanized fastest developing
regions, where the links between social exclusion, inequality and
violence are clearly visible. The banal, ubiquitous nature of drug
crime, robbery, gang and intra-family violence destabilizes
countries' economies and harms their people and social structures.
Encounters with Violence & Crime in Latin America explores the
meaning of violence and insecurity in nine towns and cities in
Columbia and Guatemala to create a framework of how and why daily
violence takes place at the community level. It uses pioneering new
methods of participatory urban appraisal to ask local people about
their own perceptions of violence as mediated by family, gender,
ethnicity and age. It develops a typology which distinguishes
between the political, social, and economic violence that afflicts
communities, and which assesses the costs of consequences of
violence in terms of community cohesion and social capital. This
gives voice to those whose daily lives and dominated by widespread
aggression, and provides important new insights for researchers and
policy-makers.
Developing regions are set to account for the vast majority of
future urban growth, and women and girls will become the majority
inhabitants of these locations in the Global South. This is one of
the first books to detail the challenges facing poorer segments of
the female population who commonly reside in 'slums'. It explores
the variegated disadvantages of urban poverty and slum-dwelling
from a gender perspective. This book revolves around
conceptualisation of the 'gender-urban-slum interface' which
explains key elements to understanding women's experiences in slum
environments. It has a specific focus on the ways in which gender
inequalities are can be entrenched but also alleviated. Included is
a review of the demographic factors which are increasingly making
cities everywhere 'feminised spaces', such as increased rural-urban
migration among women, demographic ageing, and rising proportions
of female-headed households in urban areas. Discussions focus in
particular on education, paid and unpaid work, access to land,
property and urban services, violence, intra-urban mobility, and
political participation and representation. This book will be of
use to researchers and professionals concerned with gender and
development, urbanisation and rural-urban migration.
This book is about the people who always get taken for granted. The
people who clean our offices and trains, care for our elders and
change the sheets on the bed. "Global Cities at Work" draws on
testimony collected from more than 800 foreign-born workers
employed in low-paid jobs in London during the early years of the
new century." Global Cities at Work" breaks new ground in linking
London's new migrant division of labor to the twin processes of
subcontracting and increased international migration that have been
central to contemporary processes of globalization. "Global Cities
at Work" raises the level of debate about migrant labor,
encouraging policy-makers, journalists and social scientists to
look behind the headlines. The book calls us to take a
politically-informed geographical view of our urban labor markets
and to prioritize the issue of working poverty and its implications
for both unemployment and community cohesion.
As cities sprawl across Latin America, absorbing more and more of
its people, crime and violence have become inescapable. From the
paramilitary invasion of Medell!n in Colombia, the booming wealth
of crack dealers in Managua, Nicaragua and police corruption in
Mexico City, to the glimmers of hope in Lima, this book provides a
dynamic analysis of urban insecurity. Based on new empirical
evidence, interviews with local people and historical
contextualization, the authors attempts to shed light on the
fault-lines which have appeared in Latin American society.
Neoliberal economic policy, it is argued, has intensified the gulf
between elites, insulated in gated estates monitored by private
security firms, and the poor, who are increasingly mistrustful of
state-sponsored attempts to impose order on their slums. Rather
than the current trend towards government withdrawal, the situation
can only be improved by co-operation between communities and police
to build new networks of trust. In the end, violence and insecurity
are inseparable from social justice and democracy.
In 1996, the Government of Guatemala and the guerrilla army known
as the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG), signed the
final Peace Accords ending both the United Nations monitored peace
process and 36 years of internal conflict. This civil war caused
untold internal and external displacement in the region as well as
the deaths of over 150,000 people, the majority of whom were from
indigenous groups. The legacy of this conflict which includes
increasing urban violence, social exclusion, and weak levels of
social capital, presents challenges for the country's post-conflict
peace-building agenda. Violence in a Post-Conflict Context
addresses the perceptions of violence by the people living in poor
communities in Guatemala. It provides the results of a
participatory study of violence conducted in urban low-income
communities. The book identifies the categories of violence
affecting poor communities, the costs of different types of
violence, the effects of violence on social capital, the
interventions employed by people to deal with the violence, and the
causes and effects of social exclusion. Violence in a Post-Conflict
Context incorporates the rarely heard voices of the poor by using
the participatory appraisal methodology which emphasizes local
knowledge and enables locals to make their own analysis of the
problems that they face and identify their own solutions.
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