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This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on
life cycle assessment (LCA) of crops. The first chapter discusses
the application of LCA to agricultural systems and highlights key
issues associated with its implementation, including delimitation
of systems boundaries, defining the functional unit, handling
coproduction, and the choosing of impact assessment methods. The
second chapter explores the concepts of LCA and the coffee value
chain. The chapter discusses how carbon footprint performances can
be used to upgrade coffee value chains. The third chapter assesses
the environmental impact of oil palm production during cultivation
and as a result of land use change for new plantations. The chapter
describes the principles and modelling steps of LCA, as well as the
challenges ahead regarding further development and application. The
fourth chapter reviews the core principles of LCA methodology, the
state of the art of LCA for fruits and associated key challenges.
The first complete LCA case study for export mango is also
discussed. The final chapter assesses the environmental impact of
banana production and highlights the importance of LCA in
influencing the adoption of practices that can reduce or offset the
carbon footprint of the banana value chain.
Biofuels are produced from biomass that can be shortly renewed
contrarily to fossil fuels. Emphasis has been put on biofuels for
transportation as this sector represents a major fast growing
source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG). Compared to fossil
fuels, biofuels emit less GHG, if CO2 savings through
photosynthesis are not overwhelmed by other GHG emissions
throughout the biofuel life cycle. Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) are
therefore necessary to check for all polluting emissions and
potential environmental impacts. This book first reviews the
literature on biofuels, their GHG impact, and the reasons why
results of biofuel LCA vary critically among published studies. It
then presents the results of research works on how to improve the
modelling of GHG emissions in agricultural fields and how to
increase the relevance of biofuel LCA from agricultural feedstock
by taking into account the local production factors. From a broader
overview on bioenergy to a specific scientific insight into the
determinism of GHG emissions, this book should help shed some light
on biofuels for a large public and should be especially useful to
professionals in Bioenergy and Environment fields.
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