Despite the changing demographics of the nation and a growing appreciation for diversity and inclusion as drivers of excellence in science, engineering, and medicine, Black Americans are severely underrepresented in these fields. Racism and bias are significant reasons for this disparity, with detrimental implications on individuals, health care organizations, and the nation as a whole. The Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine was launched at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in 2019 to identify key levers, drivers, and disruptors in government, industry, health care, and higher education where actions can have the most impact on increasing the participation of Black men and Black women in science, medicine, and engineering. On April 16, 2020, the Roundtable convened a workshop to explore the context for their work; to surface key issues and questions that the Roundtable should address in its initial phase; and to reach key stakeholders and constituents. This proceedings provides a record of the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Keynote Address: New Aspects of Racism 3 Notes on History, Myth, and Race in U.S. Medical Practice, 16192020 4 Segregation in Housing and Education 5 Attacks on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Education 6 Racism in Relation to Black Men and Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine 7 Concluding Remarks Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Roundtable Members and Workshop Presenters