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Build your English-speaking skills by simply watching and listening
People do not talk like language-learning books are written. They
pause, say "um" and "er," and even forget to finish their
sentences! This can be confusing for new speakers of English, but
Improve Your English: English in the Workplace helps you understand
what your coworkers are saying and gives you confidence to talk
with them naturally and easily. The DVD shows speakers of English
talking about their careers, job searches, average days, and other
work-related topics. These chats are unscripted and unrehearsed, so
you'll hear how people really talk around the office or worksite.
You will gain confidence in your English skills with help from: A
workbook that features a transcript of the DVD, definitions of
unfamiliar vocabulary and phrases, and skill-building questions at
the end of each chapter to help you remember what you have
learnedEnglish speakers from different regions who will expose you
to accents and language specific to their areas
From its beginnings in the 1960s, sociolinguistics developed
several different subfields with distinct methods and interests:
the variationist tradition established by Labov, the
anthropological tradition of Hymes, interactional sociolinguistics
as developed by Gumperz, and the sociology of language represented
by the work of Fishman. All of these areas have seen a great deal
of growth in recent decades, and recent studies have led to a more
broadly inclusive view of sociolinguistics. Hence there is a need
for a handbook that will survey the main areas of the field, point
out the lacunae in our existing knowledge base, and provide
directions for future research. The Oxford Handbook of
Sociolinguistics will differ from existing work in four major
respects. First, it will emphasize new methodological developments,
particularly the convergence of linguistic anthropology and
variationist sociolinguistics. Second, it will include chapters on
sociolinguistic developments in areas of the world that have been
relatively neglected in the major journals. Third, its chapters are
written by contributors who have worked in a range of languages and
whose work addresses sociolinguistic issues in bi- and multilingual
contexts, i.e. the contexts in which a majority of the world's
population lives. Finally, it will include substantial material on
the rapidly growing study of sign language sociolinguistics.
Black ASL has long been recognized as a distinct variety of
American Sign Language based on abundant anecdotal evidence. The
Hidden Treasure of Black ASL, originally published in 2011,
presents the first sociohistorical and linguistic study of this
language variety. Based on the findings of the Black ASL Project,
which undertook this unprecedented research, Hidden Treasure
documents the stories and language of the African American Deaf
community. With links to online supplemental video content that
includes interviews with Black ASL users (formerly on DVD), this
volume is a groundbreaking scholarly contribution and a powerful
affirmation for Black Deaf people. This paperback edition includes
an updated foreword by Glenn B. Anderson, a new preface that
reflects on the impact of this research, and an expanded list of
references and resources on Black ASL. The supplemental video
content is available online at the Gallaudet University Press
YouTube Channel. Under Playlists, click "The Hidden Treasure of
Black ASL: Companion Video to the Book." As featured in the film
Signing Black in America: The Story of Black ASL, produced by The
Language and Life Project at North Carolina State University (Dr.
Walt Wolfram, Executive Producer). Look for it on PBS.
This volume elucidates several key factors of the signed languages
used in select international Deaf communities. Kristin Mulrooney
studies ASL users to delve into the reasons behind the perceived
differences in how men and women fingerspell. Bruce Sofinski
assesses the current state of transliteration from spoken English
to manually coded English, disclosing that competent
transliterators do not necessarily produce the desired
word-for-sign exchange. In the third chapter, Paul Dudis comments
upon a remarkable aspect of discourse in ASL-grounded blends. He
discusses how signers map particular concepts onto their hands and
bodies, which allows them to enrich their narrative strategies. By
observing meetings of deaf and nonsigning hearing people in the
Flemish Deaf community, Mieke Van Herreweghe determines whether
interpreters' turn-taking practices allow for equal participation.
And the final chapter features a respected team of Spanish
researchers led by Esperanza Morales-Lopez who investigate the
Catalan/Spanish bilingual community in Barcelona. These scholars
measure the influence of recent worldwide, Deaf sociopolitical
movements advocating signed languages on deaf groups already
familiar with bilingual education.
This volume elucidates several key factors of the signed languages
used in select international Deaf communities. Kristin Mulrooney
studies ASL users to delve into the reasons behind the perceived
differences in how men and women fingerspell. Bruce Sofinski
assesses the current state of transliteration from spoken English
to manually coded English, disclosing that competent
transliterators do not necessarily produce the desired
word-for-sign exchange. In the third chapter, Paul Dudis comments
upon a remarkable aspect of discourse in ASL-grounded blends. He
discusses how signers map particular concepts onto their hands and
bodies, which allows them to enrich their narrative strategies. By
observing meetings of deaf and nonsigning hearing people in the
Flemish Deaf community, Mieke Van Herreweghe determines whether
interpreters' turn-taking practices allow for equal participation.
And the final chapter features a respected team of Spanish
researchers led by Esperanza Morales-Lopez who investigate the
Catalan/Spanish bilingual community in Barcelona. These scholars
measure the influence of recent worldwide, Deaf sociopolitical
movements advocating signed languages on deaf groups already
familiar with bilingual education.
This exciting, authentic text will enhance any Italian class or
laboratory program. It consists of interviews with ordinary people
speaking Italian-among them a farmer, a mechanic, a neurologist, a
journalist, a nurse, and a secretary. Each interview focuses on
aspects of everyday life: work, housing, soccer, poetry, the role
of women in Italian society, politics, the use of language, and
many other lively topics. Natural and unscripted, the interviews
showcase a variety of accents, including Roman, Florentine, and
Milanese. Each interview is included in the online media that
accompanies this edition. Designed for use with students at almost
any level, Italia Contemporanea is ideal for improving listening
and comprehension skills. The text includes complete transcripts of
each interview, notes about vocabulary and usage, questions about
the content of the interviews, as well as questions about the
student's own experience.
This is an accessible introduction to the major areas of sociolinguistics as they relate to sign languages and deaf communities. Clearly organized, it brings together a team of leading experts in sign linguistics to survey the field, and covers a wide range of topics including variation, multilingualism, bilingualism, language attitudes, discourse analysis, language policy and planning. Each chapter introduces the key issues in each area of inquiry and provides a comprehensive review of the literature. The book also includes suggestions for further reading and helpful exercises.
This book describes language diversity and classroom discourse:
language use in the classroom in which children are dialect
speakers. Specifically, the authors observed and videotaped a wide
range of activities including whole groups with the teacher, small
groups with and without the teacher, and one-on-one interaction, in
kindergarten, fourth- and sixth- grade classrooms. The book is a
description of what was found. Classroom language use is discussed
in terms of language functions. The book also includes a discussion
of why dialect is an issue and an overview of how dialect has been
dealt with by researchers and practitioners. Finally, dialect
diversity in the classroom is considered in light of the
relationship between language, education, and society at large. The
study is unique in that it provides a quantitative as well as
qualitative picture of language use in the classroom with dialect
speakers.
This book describes language diversity and classroom discourse:
language use in the classroom in which children are dialect
speakers. Specifically, the authors observed and videotaped a wide
range of activities including whole groups with the teacher, small
groups with and without the teacher, and one-on-one interaction, in
kindergarten, fourth- and sixth- grade classrooms. The book is a
description of what was found. Classroom language use is discussed
in terms of language functions. The book also includes a discussion
of why dialect is an issue and an overview of how dialect has been
dealt with by researchers and practitioners. Finally, dialect
diversity in the classroom is considered in light of the
relationship between language, education, and society at large. The
study is unique in that it provides a quantitative as well as
qualitative picture of language use in the classroom with dialect
speakers.
From its beginnings in the 1960s, sociolinguistics developed
several different subfields with distinct methods and interests:
the variationist tradition established by Labov, the
anthropological tradition of Hymes, interactional sociolinguistics
as developed by Gumperz, and the sociology of language represented
by the work of Fishman. All of these areas have seen a great deal
of growth in recent decades, and recent studies have led to a more
broadly inclusive view of sociolinguistics. Hence there is a need
for a handbook that will survey the main areas of the field, point
out the lacunae in our existing knowledge base, and provide
directions for future research.
The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics will differ from existing
work in four major respects. First, it will emphasize new
methodological developments, particularly the convergence of
linguistic anthropology and variationist sociolinguistics. Second,
it will include chapters on sociolinguistic developments in areas
of the world that have been relatively neglected in the major
journals. Third, its chapters are written by contributors who have
worked in a range of languages and whose work addresses
sociolinguistic issues in bi- and multilingual contexts, i.e. the
contexts in which a majority of the world's population lives.
Finally, it will include substantial material on the rapidly
growing study of sign language sociolinguistics.
Why does human language vary from one person, or one group, to
another? In what ways does it vary? How do linguists go about
studying variation in, say, the sound system or the sentence
structure of a particular language? Why is the study of language
variation important outside the academic world, in say education,
the law, employment or housing? This book provides an overview of
these questions, bringing together a team of experts to survey key
areas within the study of language variation and language change.
Covering both the range of methods used to research variation in
language, and the applications of such research to a variety of
social contexts, it is essential reading for advanced students and
researchers in sociolinguistics, communication, linguistic
anthropology and applied linguistics.
Why does human language vary from one person, or one group, to
another? In what ways does it vary? How do linguists go about
studying variation in, say, the sound system or the sentence
structure of a particular language? Why is the study of language
variation important outside the academic world, in say education,
the law, employment or housing? This book provides an overview of
these questions, bringing together a team of experts to survey key
areas within the study of language variation and language change.
Covering both the range of methods used to research variation in
language, and the applications of such research to a variety of
social contexts, it is essential reading for advanced students and
researchers in sociolinguistics, communication, linguistic
anthropology and applied linguistics.
This is an accessible introduction to the major areas of sociolinguistics as they relate to sign languages and deaf communities. Clearly organized, it brings together a team of leading experts in sign linguistics to survey the field, and covers a wide range of topics including variation, multilingualism, bilingualism, language attitudes, discourse analysis, language policy and planning. Each chapter introduces the key issues in each area of inquiry and provides a comprehensive review of the literature. The book also includes suggestions for further reading and helpful exercises.
The culmination of a seven-year project, this volume provides a
complete description of American Sign Language (ASL) variation. For
four decades, linguists have studied how people from varying
regions and backgrounds have different ways of saying the same
thing. Noted scholars Ceil Lucas, Robert Bayley, and Clayton Valli
led a team of exceptional researchers in applying techniques for
analyzing spoken language variation to ASL. Their observations at
the phonological, lexical, morphological, and syntactic levels
demonstrate that ASL variation correlates with many of the same
driving social factors of spoken languages, including age,
socioeconomic class, gender, ethnic background, region, and sexual
orientation. Internal constraints that mandate variant choices for
spoken languages have been compared to ASL as well, with intriguing
results. Sociolinguistic Variation in American Sign Language stands
alone as the new standard for students and scholars committed to
this discipline.
This introductory text celebrates another dimension of diversity in
the United States Deaf community -- variation in the way American
Sign Language (ASL) is used by Deaf people all across the nation.
The different ways people have of saying or signing the same thing
defines variation in language. In spoken English, some people say
"soda," others say "pop," "coke," or "soft drink; " in ASL, there
are many signs for BIRTHDAY, HALLOWEEN, EARLY, and of course,
PIZZA. What's Your Sign for PIZZA derives from an extensive
seven-year research project in which more than 200 Deaf ASL users
representing different ages, genders and ethnic groups from seven
different regions were videotaped sharing their signs for everyday
vocabulary. This useful text and its accompanying CD begins with an
explanation of the basic concepts of language and the structure of
sign language, since sign variation abides by the rules governing
all human languages. Each part of the text concludes with questions
for discussion, and the final section offers three supplemental
readings that provide further information on variation in both
spoken and signed languages. What's Your Sign for PIZZA also
briefly sketches the development of ASL, which explains the
relationships between language varieties throughout the country.
The ninth volume in the Sociolinguistics in Deaf Communities series
focuses on forensic linguistics, a field created by noted linguist
Roger Shuy, who begins the collection with an introduction of the
issue of language problems experienced by minorities in legal
settings. Attorney and linguist Rob Hoopes follows by showing how
deaf people who use American Sign Language (ASL) are at a distinct
disadvantage in legal situations, such as police interrogations,
where only the feeblest of efforts are made to ensure that deaf
suspects understand their constitutional rights. Susan Mather, an
associate professor of linguistics and interpretation, and Robert
Mather, a federal disability rights attorney, examine the use of
interpreters for deaf jurors during trials. They reveal the courts'
gross misunderstandings of the important differences between ASL
and Signed English. Sara S. Geer, an attorney at the National
Association of the Deaf for 20 years, explains how the difficulty
in understanding legal terminology in federal law is compounded for
deaf people in every ordinary act, including applying for credit
cards and filling out medical consent forms. Language and the Law
in Deaf Communities concludes with a chapter by George Castelle,
Chief Public Defender in Charleston, West Virginia. Although he has
no special knowledge about the legal problems of deaf people,
Castelle offers another perspective based upon his extensive
experience in practicing and teaching law.
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