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For some years now, biosensors have been an intense research field
as they constitute advantageous alternatives to conventional
analytical methods. The electrochemical enzyme based devices are of
particular interest due to their sensitivity, selectivity,
operational simplicity, low cost and quick response. Third
generation biosensors that explore the direct electron transfer
between electrodes and enzymes represent the most attractive and
simple approach. This work reports the construction of
electrochemical nitrite biosensors using cytochrome c nitrite
reductase from a sulfate reducing bacterium. Nitrite is an
important target analyte with markets in food industry, pollution
control and clinical diagnostics. The potential use of the
biosensors in real sample analysis, the enhancement of the
electrocatalytic activity with carbon nanotubes and surfactants,
the ability to protect the enzyme with polymer layers assuring
biosensor long term stability, and the possibility to modulate the
selectivity with specific matrices, were some of the issues
addressed in this work. Overall they constitute important advances
in nitrite biosensing with selective enzymes.
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