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This book provides an unique view of Astronomy in Culture,
Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy involving ancient civilizations
in Latin America, emphasizing scientific and cultural knowledge
combined with historical, cognitive, archaeological and
anthropological aspects. Topics covered in the book include
different associations of ancient civilizations with the stars and
planets, whether in farming, architecture, social organization,
beliefs, myths, religion, metric systems, calendar construction,
shrines, and variations in astronomical research methods based on
the types of material evidence available. Special attention is paid
to the war cycles associated with observed celestial events,
day-counting calendars, including movements in the sky and written
evidences from codices, and in particular the Andean and Inca
traditions of astronomically associated shrines, caves and
celestial alignments of monuments and temples.
Recent discoveries in astronomy and relativistic astrophysics as
well as experiments on particle and nuclear physics have blurred
the traditional boundaries of physics. It is believed that at the
birth of the Universe, a whirlwind of matter and antimatter, of
quarks and exotic leptons, briefly appeared and merged into a sea
of energy. The new phenomena and new states of matter in the
Universe revealed the deep connection between quarks and the
Cosmos. Motivated by these themes, this book discusses different
topics: gravitational waves, dark matter, dark energy, exotic
contents of compact stars, high-energy and gamma-ray astrophysics,
heavy ion collisions and the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in
the early Universe. The book presents some of the latest researches
on these fascinating themes and is useful for experts and students
in the field.
There are reasons to believe the 21st century will be the best ever
for astrophysics: the James Webb Space Telescope will extend nearly
twenty times the present observational limit of visible light;
neutrino massiveness opens a new window for exploration on dark
energy and dark matter physics and is expected to provide insights
into the fate of the Universe; the Higgs boson may allow for an
understanding of the weakness of gravity; gravitational waves
produced at the birth of the Universe and by compact stellar
objects (supermassive black holes, black hole/neutron star mergers,
gamma-ray bursts, white dwarf inspirals) have unveiled a new area
of astronomy. Against this background, compact stars, the theme of
this volume, present unique astrophysical laboratories for probing
the fabric of space-time and the building blocks of matter and
their interactions at physical regimes not attainable in
terrestrial laboratories.
It has been over 100 years since the presentation of the Theory of
General Relativity by Albert Einstein, in its final formulation, to
the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences. To celebrate 100 years of
general relativity, World Scientific publishes this volume with a
dual goal: to assess the current status of the field of general
relativity in broad terms, and discuss future directions. The
volume thus consists of broad overviews summarizing major
developments over the past decades and their perspective
contributions.
'The book concentrates attention on extended alternative theories
of gravity and on the best astrophysical laboratories to probe the
strong gravity-field regime: black holes, pulsars and neutron stars
... Readers will likely share the satisfaction the editor and
contributors say they experienced as they organized the
book.'SirReadaLotFor more than a century, our understanding of
gravitational physics was based on Albert Einstein's theory of
General Relativity, which fundamentally changed our understanding
of the Universe, its origin, and its evolutionary process. General
Relativity accurately describes a large number of phenomena on very
different scales. As such, it has been very well tested and its
remarkable predictions are compatible with most experimental and
observational data. However, the observational and experimental
results compatible with General Relativity fall in its vast
majority under the weak gravitational field regime. In recent
years, discrepancies between the data and the corresponding
predictions of General Relativity have been observed and have
generated intense research activity. One of the most critical
aspects of General Relativity is the presence of singularities in
extreme physical situations. These discrepancies indicate that
either the parameters of the theory must be modified in the regime
of strong field gravity/high energy and large space-time curvature,
or the theory itself should be modified. In this book, we focus our
attention on extended alternative gravity theories and the best
astrophysical laboratories to probe the strong field regime: black
holes, pulsars, and neutron stars.
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