Every community is affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Causes as diverse as falls, sports injuries, vehicle collisions, domestic violence, and military incidents can result in injuries across a spectrum of severity and age groups. Just as the many causes of TBI and the people who experience it are diverse, so too are the physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that can occur following injury. The overall TBI ecosystem is not limited to healthcare and research, but includes the related systems that administer and finance healthcare, accredit care facilities, and provide regulatory approval and oversight of products and therapies. TBI also intersects with the wide range of community organizations and institutions in which people return to learning, work, and play, including the education system, work environments, professional and amateur sports associations, the criminal justice system, and others. Traumatic Brain Injury: A Roadmap for Accelerating Progress examines the current landscape of basic, translational, and clinical TBI research and identifies gaps and opportunities to accelerate research progress and improve care with a focus on the biological, psychological, sociological, and ecological impacts. This report calls not merely for improvement, but for a transformation of attitudes, understanding, investments, and care systems for TBI. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 The Scope and Burden of Traumatic Brain Injury 3 Understanding Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury 4 Traumatic Brain Injury Prevention and Awareness 5 Acute Care After Traumatic Brain Injury 6 Rehabilitation and Long-Term Care Needs After Traumatic Brain Injury 7 Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities 8 Roadmap and Recommendations: Creating an Optimized System for TBI Appendix A: Highlights of Selected Recent TBI Research Efforts Appendix B: Biomarker Development for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Monitoring of Traumatic Brain Injury Appendix C: Information Sources and Methods Appendix D: Committee Member and Staff Biographies Appendix E: Acronyms and Abbreviations