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Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court
from 1967 to 1991. He was the first African American to hold that
position, and was one of the most influential legal actors of his
time. Before being appointed to the Supreme Court by President
Lyndon Johnson, Marshall was a lawyer for the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Federal Judge
(1961-1965), and Solicitor General of the United States
(1965-1966). Marshall won twenty-nine of thirty-two cases before
the Supreme Court - most notably the landmark case of Brown v.
Board of Education, which held segregated public schools
unconstitutional. Marshall spent his career fighting racial
segregation and legal inequality, and his time on the court
establishing a record for supporting the "voiceless American." He
left a legacy of change that still affects American society today.
Through this concise biography, accompanied by primary sources that
present Marshall in his own words, students will learn what
Marshall did (and did not do) during his life, why those actions
were important, and what effects his efforts had on the larger
course of American history.
At various times in U.S. history, the right to vote has been
granted or denied on the basis of such criteria as wealth, gender,
ethnicity, and race. Through both analysis and documentation, this
volume introduces the reader to the history of vote denial and
dilution and the landmark court opinions that both created and
ended these practices. Four narrative chapters survey voting rights
from colonial times to the 2000 presidential election, focus on key
court cases, and discuss the prospects for voting rights in the new
century. An extensive collection of key documents is provided,
along with a glossary of names, events, and concepts; a chronology;
a table of cases cited; an annotated bibliography; and a
comprehensive index.
Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court
from 1967 to 1991. He was the first African American to hold that
position, and was one of the most influential legal actors of his
time. Before being appointed to the Supreme Court by President
Lyndon Johnson, Marshall was a lawyer for the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Federal Judge
(1961-1965), and Solicitor General of the United States
(1965-1966). Marshall won twenty-nine of thirty-two cases before
the Supreme Court - most notably the landmark case of Brown v.
Board of Education, which held segregated public schools
unconstitutional. Marshall spent his career fighting racial
segregation and legal inequality, and his time on the court
establishing a record for supporting the "voiceless American." He
left a legacy of change that still affects American society today.
Through this concise biography, accompanied by primary sources that
present Marshall in his own words, students will learn what
Marshall did (and did not do) during his life, why those actions
were important, and what effects his efforts had on the larger
course of American history.
At some point, everyone living in the United States has some type
of interaction with the American judicial system. For most, this
contact is relatively minor: contesting a traffic ticket, suing or
being sued in civil court, being a witness in a civil or criminal
trial, or serving on a jury. Others are caught up in the criminal
justice system - as defendants, as victims, as witnesses, as
jurors, or as relatives of a victim or a defendant. For still
others, contact comes via an important policy issue affecting their
lives in the hands of judges and justices sitting in judgment in
marble temples to the law. Yet whatever the level of contact, the
American judicial system affects peoples' lives. What courts and
judges do matters. This book provides a very short, but complete
introduction to the institutions and people, the rules and
processes, that make up the American judicial system. Jargon free
and aimed at a general reader, this Very Short Introduction
explains the 'where,' 'when,' and 'who' of American courts. It also
makes clear the 'how' and 'why' behind the law as it affects
everyday people. It is, in a word, a starting place to
understanding the third branch of American government at both the
state and federal levels; a guide to those wishing to know the
basics of the American judicial system; and a cogent synthesis of
how the various elements that make up the law and legal
institutions fit together.
Who could forget the Supreme Court's controversial 5-4 decision in
Bush v. Gore or the 2000 presidential campaign and election that
preceded it? Hanging chads, butterfly ballots, endless recounts,
raucous allegations, and a constitutional crisis were all roiled
into a confusing and potentially dangerous mix--until the Supreme
Court decision allowed George W. Bush to become the 43rd President
of the United States, despite losing the popular vote to Al Gore.
Praised by scholars and political pundits alike, the original
edition of Charles Zelden's book set a new standard for our
understanding of that monumental decision. A probing chronicle and
critique of the vexing and acrimonious affair, it offered the most
accurate and up-to-date analysis of a remarkable episode in
American politics. Highly readable, its comprehensive coverage,
depth of documentation and detail, and analytic insights remain
unrivaled on the subject. In this third expanded edition Zelden
offers a powerful history of voting rights and elections in America
since 2000. Bush v. Gore exposes the growing crisis by detailing
the numerous ways in which the unlearned and wrongly learned
"lessons of 2000" have impacted American election law through the
growth of voter suppression via legislation and administrative
rulings, and, provides a clear warning of how unchecked
partisanship arising out of Bush v. Gore threatens to undermine
American democracy in general and the 2020 election in particular.
In "Signposts," Sally E. Hadden and Patricia Hagler Minter have
assembled seventeen essays, by both established and rising
scholars, that showcase new directions in southern legal history
across a wide range of topics, time periods, and locales. The
essays will inspire today's scholars to dig even more deeply into
the southern legal heritage, in much the same way that David
Bodenhamer and James Ely's seminal 1984 work, "Ambivalent Legacy,"
inspired an earlier generation to take up the study of southern
legal history.
Contributors to "Signposts" explore a wide range of subjects
related to southern constitutional and legal thought, including
real and personal property, civil rights, higher education, gender,
secession, reapportionment, prohibition, lynching, legal
institutions such as the grand jury, and conflicts between bench
and bar. A number of the essayists are concerned with transatlantic
connections to southern law and with marginalized groups such as
women and native peoples. Taken together, the essays in "Signposts"
show us that understanding how law changes over time is essential
to understanding the history of the South.
Contributors: Alfred L. Brophy, Lisa Lindquist Dorr, Laura F.
Edwards, James W. Ely Jr., Tim Alan Garrison, Sally E. Hadden,
Roman J. Hoyos, Thomas N. Ingersoll, Jessica K. Lowe, Patricia
Hagler Minter, Cynthia Nicoletti, Susan Richbourg Parker,
Christopher W. Schmidt, Jennifer M. Spear, Christopher R. Waldrep,
Peter Wallenstein, Charles L. Zelden.
Voting is simple in the United States, right? The process of voting
(organizing, running and tabulating the results of a popular
election) is, in fact, a highly contested act whose forms,
meanings, and practical boundaries are open to widely differing
interpretations. From questions of who can vote to the tricky
problem of accurately counting the votes, popular democracy is
still a work in progress in the United States. Add in the
complexities of politics and the picture becomes even more
complicated. Taking a chronological approach to the topic, The
Supreme Court and Elections explores the ways that the Court has
struggled with these questions. From the earliest days of the Union
when the Supreme Court refused to address the topic, to the early
struggles with the Fourteenth Amendment's impact on the question of
who can vote, to the rise and fall of race-based
disenfranchisement, to our recent issues of proper districting,
campaign finance reform and the struggle to find a workable voting
technology, the essay and documents in this reference illuminate
the multifaceted nature of voting and election laws. At the same
time, this title provides in-depth analysis of the impact of the
Court in shaping this ongoing history. Topics addressed in The
Supreme Court and Elections include the following: The Nature of
Election Law/Voting Rights and the Impact of the Court Impact of
the Civil Rights Amendments Voting in the late 19th And early 20th
centuries Disenfranchisement and the Court Redistricting cases
Majority-Minority districts Campaign finance reform Bush v. Gore
and beyond This title also interweaves select sections of primary
source documents in an easy-to-follow format: The U.S. Constitution
The Voting Rights Act (1965) and the later Amendment (1982)
Excerpts from Federal Voting Statutes Supreme Court cases President
Lyndon Baines Johnson excerpts Contemporaneous news articles Court
Briefs Focusing on the practical problems of U.S. voting and its
complex development within the framework of the political branches
of the government, students and researchers will benefit from the
clear picture painted by the author of the current elective
structure. Essay and document based, The Supreme Court and
Elections is the definitive reference on the application of U.S.
law on Americans right to vote and the resulting participatory
democracy.
This volume in ABC-CLIO's About Federal Government set looks at the
history and daily operations of the federal judiciary, from
district courts, to courts of appeal, to the Supreme Court. The
Judicial Branch of Federal Government: People, Process, and
Politics shows how the federal courts act as interpreters of the
law, definers of rules, and shapers of policy, covering the
judiciary throughout U.S. history and as it functions today. In one
concise yet comprehensive resource, The Judicial Branch of Federal
Government describes the constitutionally ascribed roles and
structures of the courts. It looks at the men and women who serve
on the federal bench (who they are and how they are appointed), as
well as the fascinating relationship of the federal courts with the
legislative and executive branches and with the 50 state court
systems. Provides a detailed timeline of the legislative history of
the federal courts, from the Supreme Court to the district courts
by state Primary sources include Article III of the U.S.
Constitution, the Judiciary Acts of 1789 and 1801, the Evarts Act
of 1891 (creation of Circuit Courts of Appeals), the Judiciary Act
of 1911 (disbanding the old Circuit Courts), landmark cases such as
Marbury v. Madison (judicial review) and a complete listing of all
who served as federal judges by name and by the court they served
in
Explores and documents the causes and effects of the long history
of vote denial on American politics, culture, law, and society. The
debate over who can and cannot vote has been "on trial" since the
American Revolution. Throughout U.S. history, the franchise has
been awarded and denied on the basis of wealth, status, gender,
ethnicity, and race. Featuring a unique mix of analysis and
documentation, Voting Rights on Trial illuminates the long, slow,
and convoluted path by which vote denial and dilution were first
addressed, and then defeated, in the courts. Four narrative
chapters survey voting rights from colonial times to the 2000
presidential election, focus on key court cases, and examine the
current voting climate. The volume includes analysis of voting
rights in the new century and their implications for future
electoral contests. The coverage concludes with selections of
documents from cases discussed, relevant statutes and amendments,
and other primary sources. A timeline giving the history of voting
rights from 1619, when Virginia planters voted for the first time,
to 2000, when the Supreme Court invalidated Florida's recount
process, which ultimately determined the outcome of the election
Excerpts of key legal documents including Reynolds v. Sims (one
person, one vote) and Bush v. Gore (debate over nationalization of
voting rights)
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