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This book presents a global overview of the background to, and the current state of, crop protection and pest management in cotton crops. Cotton is one of the most economically important crops in the world and has been grown for centuries but maintaining high yields of good quality requires sophisticated approaches to pest management. The introduction and use of pesticides over the decades significantly increased cotton yields but lead to many adverse environmental impacts. Over time, new and alternative insecticides were developed but overuse has enabled pests to develop significant resistance. The development of genetically modified cotton varieties with toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis enabled much improved control of lepidopteran larvae, including bollworms, but as the toxins had no effect on sucking pests, farmers had no choice but to continue using insecticides. Also, some of the new cotton varieties developed in recent times have not adapted to different climatic conditions and the quality of cotton fibre declined as a result. This book shows the need for more research to select cotton varieties with high quality fibres suitable for different cotton growing areas and to develop integrated pest management strategies to minimise the use of pesticides. It also demonstrates the need for an inter-disciplinary approach bringing together plant breeders, entomologists, plant pathologists, agronomists and agricultural engineers to achieve high yields of high quality cotton. In the future, farmers will need to adopt new technology to determine when and how pesticides are used in conjunction with cultural and biological control strategies. * Emphasises the importance of research on growing cotton in a world experiencing climate change * Demonstrates how crucial crop protection is in achieving high yields of high quality cotton * Shows how new technology will bring major changes in how cotton is grown in the future
The purpose of this research paper is to study limits, capabilities and future possibilities of the Air Tasking Order (ATO) dissemination system. Increasingly, the United States military generally fights as a member of a coalition. Therefore, system and informational interoperability between and among coalition partners will continue to be a key consideration and perhaps a perquisite of coalition warfare. However, some critics point out that the current ATO system cycle cite that the system is too linear and inflexible to meet the dynamic demands of modern aerospace warfare. Particularly worrisome is the ineffective and slow method of dissemination of the ATO to all the execution elements of air power and the nagging interoperability problems of piping the ATO to coalition allies. Given the technical, political, and modern contextual elements (such as transnational threats, war on individuals such as terrorists rather than states) of effectively disseminating the ATO, the obvious question to ask and central thesis of this research paper is: does the current ATO dissemination system get the job done? More to the point, the goal of this research is to highlight some promising avenues to enhance ATO dissemination and recommend further areas of study.
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