The Routledge Handbook of the Digital Environmental Humanities explores the digital methods and tools scholars use to observe, interpret, and manage nature in several different academic fields. Employing historical, philosophical, linguistic, literary, and cultural lenses, this handbook explores how the digital environmental humanities (DEH), as an emerging field, recognises its convergence with the environmental humanities. As such, it is empirically, critically, and ethically engaged in exploring digitally mediated, visualised, and parsed framings of past, present, and future environments, landscapes, and cultures. Currently, humanities, geographical, cartographical, informatic, and computing disciplines are finding a common space in the DEH and are bringing the use of digital applications, coding, and software into league with literary and cultural studies and the visual, film, and performing arts. In doing so, the DEH facilitates transdisciplinary encounters between fields as diverse as human cognition, gaming, bioinformatics and linguistics, social media, literature and history, music, painting, philology, philosophy, and the earth and environmental sciences. This handbook will be essential reading for those interested in the use of digital tools in the study of the environment from a wide range of disciplines and for those working in the environmental humanities more generally.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) - either as "standard" GIS or custom made Historical GIS (HGIS) - have become quite popular in some historical sub-disciplines, such as Economic and Social History or Historical Geography. "Mainstream" history, however, seems to be rather unaffected by this trend. More generally speaking: Why is it that computer applications in general have failed to make much headway in history departments, despite the first steps being undertaken a good forty years ago? With the "spatial turn" in full swing in the humanities, and many historians dealing with spatial and geographical questions, one would think GIS would be welcomed with open arms. Yet there seems to be no general anticipation by historians of employing GIS as a research tool. As mentioned, HGIS are popular chiefly among Historical Geographers and Social and Economic Historians. The latter disciplines seem to be predestined to use such software through the widespread quantitative methodology these disciplines have employed traditionally. Other historical sub-disciplines, such as Ancient History, are also very open to this emerging technology since the scarcity of written sources in this field can be mitigated by inferences made from an HGIS that has archaeological data stored in it, for example. In most of Modern History, however, the use of GIS is rarely seen. The intellectual benefit that a GIS may bring about seems not be apparent to scholars from this sub-discipline (and others). This book wants to investigate and discuss this controversy. Why does the wider historian community not embrace GIS more readily? While one cannot deny that the methodologies linked with a GIS follow geographical paradigms rather than historical ones, the potential of GIS as a 'killer application' for digital historical scholarship should be obvious. This book brings together authors from Geography and History to discuss the value of GIS for historical research. The focus, however, will not be on the "how", but on the "why" of GIS in history.

"A remarkable book capable of reshaping what one takes philosophy to be." -Cora Diamond, Kenan Professor of Philosophy Emerita, University of Virginia Could there be a logical alien-a being whose ways of talking, inferring, and contradicting exhibit an entirely different logical shape than ours, yet who nonetheless is thinking? Could someone, contrary to the most basic rules of logic, think that two contradictory statements are both true at the same time? Such questions may seem outlandish, but they serve to highlight a fundamental philosophical question: is our logical form of thought merely one among many, or must it be the form of thought as such? From Descartes and Kant to Frege and Wittgenstein, philosophers have wrestled with variants of this question, and with a range of competing answers. A seminal 1991 paper, James Conant's "The Search for Logically Alien Thought," placed that question at the forefront of contemporary philosophical inquiry. The Logical Alien, edited by Sofia Miguens, gathers Conant's original article with reflections on it by eight distinguished philosophers-Jocelyn Benoist, Matthew Boyle, Martin Gustafsson, Arata Hamawaki, Adrian Moore, Barry Stroud, Peter Sullivan, and Charles Travis. Conant follows with a wide-ranging response that places the philosophical discussion in historical context, critiques his original paper, addresses the exegetical and systematic issues raised by others, and presents an alternative account. The Logical Alien challenges contemporary conceptions of how logical and philosophical form must each relate to their content. This monumental volume offers the possibility of a new direction in philosophy.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) either as standard GIS or custom made Historical GIS (HGIS) have become quite popular in some historical sub-disciplines, such as Economic and Social History or Historical Geography.
Mainstream history, however, seems to be rather unaffected by this trend. More generally speaking: Why is it that computer applications in general have failed to make much headway in history departments, despite the first steps being undertaken a good forty years ago?
With the spatial turn in full swing in the humanities, and many historians dealing with spatial and geographical questions, one would think GIS would be welcomed with open arms. Yet there seems to be no general anticipation by historians of employing GIS as a research tool. As mentioned, HGIS are popular chiefly among Historical Geographers and Social and Economic Historians. The latter disciplines seem to be predestined to use such software through the widespread quantitative methodology these disciplines have employed traditionally. Other historical sub-disciplines, such as Ancient History, are also very open to this emerging technology since the scarcity of written sources in this field can be mitigated by inferences made from an HGIS that has archaeological data stored in it, for example. In most of Modern History, however, the use of GIS is rarely seen. The intellectual benefit that a GIS may bring about seems not be apparent to scholars from this sub-discipline (and others).
This book wants to investigate and discuss this controversy. Why does the wider historian community not embrace GIS more readily? While one cannot deny that the methodologies linked with a GIS follow geographical paradigms rather than historical ones, the potential of GIS as a 'killer application' for digital historical scholarship should be obvious.
This book brings together authors from Geography and History to discuss the value of GIS for historical research. The focus, however, will not be on the "how," but on the "why" of GIS in history.

This book mounts a sustained attack on ideas that are dear to many practitioners of analytic philosophy. Charles Travis targets the seductive illusion that in Wittgenstein's terms "if anyone utters a sentence and means or understands it, he is operating a calculus according to definite rules." This book rejects the idea that thoughts are essentially representational items whose content is independent of context. In doing so, it undermines the foundations of much contemporary philosophy of mind.

Travis's main argument in "Unshadowed Thought" is that linguistic expressions and forms are occasion-sensitive; they cannot be abstracted out of a concrete context. With compelling examples and a thoroughgoing scrutiny of opposing positions, his book systematically works out the implications of the work of J. L. Austin, Hilary Putnam, and John McDowell. Eloquently insisting that there is no particular way one must structure what one relates to, no one way one must represent it, "Unshadowed Thought" identifies and resists a certain strain of semantic Platonism that permeates current philosophy--a strain that has had profoundly troubling consequences for our ideas about attitudes and beliefs and for our views about what language might be.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

THE ELEMENTS OF RAILWAY OPERATING ECONOMICS. CHARLES TRAVIS, DAVID R. LAMB, AND JOHN A. JENKINSON AUTHORS OF RAILWAY OPERATION, ETC. REPRINTED FROM THE RAILWAY NEWS. TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE All Rights Reserved. THE BOSWELL PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO., LTD. OUTLINES OF RAILWAY ECONOMICS. By DOUGLAS K. NOOP, M. A., Lecturer on Economics in the University of Sheffield. Crown 8vo, 5s. net. TH SCOTSMAN A work which may be cordially commended to those engaged in the higher branches of the railway service, as well as to the ordinary student of economics. THE ECONOMICS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT, By SYDNEY CHARTS WILLIAMS, B. A. 3 6d net THE ENGINEER A well written little book . . interesting and rich m suggestion MACMILLAN CO., LTD., LONDON. Ihe 6d. ESTABLISHED 1864 EVERY SATURDAY. 6d. PRACTICAL, TECHNICAL, INSTRUCTIVE, UP-TO-DATE. Tel. No. Holborn 2106. INDISPENSABLE TO THE RAILWAY MAN WITH AMBITIONS. Temple House, Temple Avenue, LONDON, ii. C. ADVERTISEMENTS The ROBINSON LOCOMOTIVE SUPERHEATER. THE LEADING SYSTEM. SIMPLE, ----------------------------EFFICIENT. A SOUND RUNNING SHED JOB. Locomotive Superheater Corporation, Ltd. PALACE CHAMBERS, WESTMINSTER, LONDON, S. W. Telephone . . VICTORIA 1762. THE ELEMENTS OF RAILWAY OPERATING ECONOMICS. To the Railway Student, interested in his profession, its importance and its vast possibilities, this volume is respectfully dedicated. CONTENTS. CHAP. PAC. I I. INTRODUCTION ... ... . . ... ... ... i Historical Development British Conditions The Business of Transport The Principles of Operation in Theory and - Practice-The Economic Ideal. IT. PASSENGER TRAFFIC .. .. . m Services and Fares Passenger Train Operation Timings and Punctuality Loads, Speeds, Grades, and Conditions General Considerations. II. PASSENGER TRAFFIC continued . 32 Analysis of Passenger Traffic The Suburban Traffic Problem. IV. GOODS AND MINERAL TRAFFIC 4 Services and Rates 1 Jbads, Speeds, Grades, and Conditions Ratio of Effective York and Margins Other Considerations The Business in Small Consignments Marshalling and Concentration Yards. V. TERMINAL OPERATION 65 The Passenger Station The Goods Depot Cartage Tranships The Proposed ioods Clearing House. VI. RATES AND OPERATION ... ... ... .. 84 Class Rates The True Basis Operating Rates. VII. CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ROAD ... 102 The Road The Gauge Initial Constructional Considerations Grades and Curves Loops and Refuge Sidings Maintenance Considerations Signaling VIII. LOCOMOTIVE DESIGN AND PRACTICE Features of Locomotive Development Loco motive Elements Hauling Power and Economic Value Locomotive Practice Super heating Compounding The Fuel Problem Water Softening. X CONTENTS CHAP. PA I IX. LOCOMOTIVE OPERATION 136 Power and Resistance Double Heading and Banking Locomotive Operation Fuel and Water Consumption Location, Lay-out, and Routine of Locomotive Depots. X. ROLLING STOCK 150 Passenger Vehicles Goods and Mineral Wagons The Problem of Wagon Distribution. XL ORGANISATION OF OPERATING DEPARTMENTS ... 169 General Review Traffic and Goods Departments Locomotive Running and the Traffic Department Conclusions. XII. STATISTICS 178 Passenger Trains Goods Trains Goods Terminals Locomotive Operation Representation of Statistics. XI If. STATISTICS continued 190 A Criticism of the Ton-Mile Figure The Composition of the Ton-Mile Figure The Ton-Mile as a Unit of Operation Ton-Miles - f-Route-Miles Average Hauland Average Receipt per Ton Average Train Load Ton-Miles per Train Hour Conclusions. XIV. THE OUTLOOK 199 Co-efficients of Operation The Tractive Factor Rail v. Road Transport Rolling Stock Signalling The Staff State v. Private Management. BIBLIOGRAPHY ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 214 INDEX 215 ...

THE ELEMENTS OF RAILWAY OPERATING ECONOMICS. CHARLES TRAVIS, DAVID R. LAMB, AND JOHN A. JENKINSON AUTHORS OF RAILWAY OPERATION, ETC. REPRINTED FROM THE RAILWAY NEWS. TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE All Rights Reserved. THE BOSWELL PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO., LTD. OUTLINES OF RAILWAY ECONOMICS. By DOUGLAS K. NOOP, M. A., Lecturer on Economics in the University of Sheffield. Crown 8vo, 5s. net. TH SCOTSMAN A work which may be cordially commended to those engaged in the higher branches of the railway service, as well as to the ordinary student of economics. THE ECONOMICS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT, By SYDNEY CHARTS WILLIAMS, B. A. 3 6d net THE ENGINEER A well written little book . . interesting and rich m suggestion MACMILLAN CO., LTD., LONDON. Ihe 6d. ESTABLISHED 1864 EVERY SATURDAY. 6d. PRACTICAL, TECHNICAL, INSTRUCTIVE, UP-TO-DATE. Tel. No. Holborn 2106. INDISPENSABLE TO THE RAILWAY MAN WITH AMBITIONS. Temple House, Temple Avenue, LONDON, ii. C. ADVERTISEMENTS The ROBINSON LOCOMOTIVE SUPERHEATER. THE LEADING SYSTEM. SIMPLE, ----------------------------EFFICIENT. A SOUND RUNNING SHED JOB. Locomotive Superheater Corporation, Ltd. PALACE CHAMBERS, WESTMINSTER, LONDON, S. W. Telephone . . VICTORIA 1762. THE ELEMENTS OF RAILWAY OPERATING ECONOMICS. To the Railway Student, interested in his profession, its importance and its vast possibilities, this volume is respectfully dedicated. CONTENTS. CHAP. PAC. I I. INTRODUCTION ... ... . . ... ... ... i Historical Development British Conditions The Business of Transport The Principles of Operation in Theory and - Practice-The Economic Ideal. IT. PASSENGER TRAFFIC .. .. . m Services and Fares Passenger Train Operation Timings and Punctuality Loads, Speeds, Grades, and Conditions General Considerations. II. PASSENGER TRAFFIC continued . 32 Analysis of Passenger Traffic The Suburban Traffic Problem. IV. GOODS AND MINERAL TRAFFIC 4 Services and Rates 1 Jbads, Speeds, Grades, and Conditions Ratio of Effective York and Margins Other Considerations The Business in Small Consignments Marshalling and Concentration Yards. V. TERMINAL OPERATION 65 The Passenger Station The Goods Depot Cartage Tranships The Proposed ioods Clearing House. VI. RATES AND OPERATION ... ... ... .. 84 Class Rates The True Basis Operating Rates. VII. CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ROAD ... 102 The Road The Gauge Initial Constructional Considerations Grades and Curves Loops and Refuge Sidings Maintenance Considerations Signaling VIII. LOCOMOTIVE DESIGN AND PRACTICE Features of Locomotive Development Loco motive Elements Hauling Power and Economic Value Locomotive Practice Super heating Compounding The Fuel Problem Water Softening. X CONTENTS CHAP. PA I IX. LOCOMOTIVE OPERATION 136 Power and Resistance Double Heading and Banking Locomotive Operation Fuel and Water Consumption Location, Lay-out, and Routine of Locomotive Depots. X. ROLLING STOCK 150 Passenger Vehicles Goods and Mineral Wagons The Problem of Wagon Distribution. XL ORGANISATION OF OPERATING DEPARTMENTS ... 169 General Review Traffic and Goods Departments Locomotive Running and the Traffic Department Conclusions. XII. STATISTICS 178 Passenger Trains Goods Trains Goods Terminals Locomotive Operation Representation of Statistics. XI If. STATISTICS continued 190 A Criticism of the Ton-Mile Figure The Composition of the Ton-Mile Figure The Ton-Mile as a Unit of Operation Ton-Miles - f-Route-Miles Average Hauland Average Receipt per Ton Average Train Load Ton-Miles per Train Hour Conclusions. XIV. THE OUTLOOK 199 Co-efficients of Operation The Tractive Factor Rail v. Road Transport Rolling Stock Signalling The Staff State v. Private Management. BIBLIOGRAPHY ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 214 INDEX 215 ...

Charles Travis presents a series of connected essays on current topics in philosophy of perception. The book is informed throughout by a number of central insights of Gottlob Frege's, notably about some intrinsic differences between objects of thought and objects of perception, and about the essential publicity of thought, and hence of its objects. Travis addresses a number of key questions, including how perception can make the world bear for the perceiver on the thing for him to do or think; what it might be for there to be perceptual experiences indistinguishable from ones of perceiving (hence from experiences of one's surroundings); what it might be for things to look a certain way to the experiencer, where this is not for things to look that way; what the upshot of (sub-personal) perceptual processing might be, what sorts of capacities are drawn on in representing something as (being) something. Besides Frege, the essays owe much to J. L. Austin, something to J. M. Hinton, and more than a little to John McDowell and to Thompson Clarke. They engage critically with McDowell and with Clarke, as well as with such philosophers as Christopher Peacocke, Tyler Burge, Jerry Fodor, Elisabeth Anscombe, A. J. Ayer, and H. A. Prichard.

This thirteen-volume series, which first appeared between 1914 and 1965, is an extensive collection of the pre-thirteenth-century charters and related records of Yorkshire, which had previously remained largely unpublished. The first three volumes were edited by William Farrer (1861-1924), after whose death Charles Travis Clay (1885-1978) took up the task. The series was well respected for the quality of Farrer's editing, which was surpassed only by that of Clay in the later volumes. Volume 4 (1935) is the first of two devoted to the honour of Richmond. This volume includes the charters of the lords of the honour as well as texts concerned with land in Yorkshire. Each Latin document is amply annotated in English and accompanied by a discussion of its content and points of interest. The volume also contains facsimile plates of select documents as well as detailed indexes.

This thirteen-volume series, which first appeared between 1914 and 1965, is an extensive collection of the pre-thirteenth-century charters and related records of Yorkshire, which had previously remained largely unpublished. The first three volumes were edited by William Farrer (1861-1924), after whose death Charles Travis Clay (1885-1978) took up the task. The series was well respected for the quality of Farrer's editing, which was surpassed only by that of Clay in the later volumes. Volume 12 (1965) presents Latin texts relating to the Tison fee and the family of Gilbert Tison. The Tison fee comprised land in the East Riding, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire, and Clay has included texts relating to other lands held by the family. This volume also contains facsimile plates of select documents as well as detailed indexes.

This thirteen-volume series, which first appeared between 1914 and 1965, is an extensive collection of the pre-thirteenth-century charters and related records of Yorkshire, which had previously remained largely unpublished. The first three volumes were edited by William Farrer (1861-1924), after whose death Charles Travis Clay (1885-1978) took up the task. The series was well respected for the quality of Farrer's editing, which was surpassed only by that of Clay in the later volumes. Volume 5 (1936) is the second of two devoted to the honour of Richmond. This volume is given over to charters relating to the fees of the tenants. Each Latin document is amply annotated in English and accompanied by a discussion of its content and points of interest. The volume also contains facsimile plates of select documents as well as detailed indexes.

This thirteen-volume series, which first appeared between 1914 and 1965, is an extensive collection of the pre-thirteenth-century charters and related records of Yorkshire, which had previously remained largely unpublished. The first three volumes were edited by William Farrer (1861-1924), after whose death Charles Travis Clay (1885-1978) took up the task. The series was well respected for the quality of Farrer's editing, which was surpassed only by that of Clay in the later volumes. Volume 6 (1939) is devoted to the Paynel fee, drawn from English and Norman sources. The first chapter focuses on the Paynel family, and the Latin charters presented here are predominantly concerned with lands held by Ralph Paynel and his immediate descendants. The volume also contains facsimile plates of select documents as well as detailed indexes.

This thirteen-volume series, which first appeared between 1914 and 1965, is an extensive collection of the pre-thirteenth-century charters and related records of Yorkshire, which had previously remained largely unpublished. The first three volumes were edited by William Farrer (1861-1924), after whose death Charles Travis Clay (1885-1978) took up the task. The series was well respected for the quality of Farrer's editing, which was surpassed only by that of Clay in the later volumes. Volume 7 (1947) is devoted to the honour of Skipton, and covers the family of Cecily de Rumilly, founder of Embsay Priory. Breaking from Farrer's original scheme, the Latin texts here extend into the first three quarters of the thirteenth century to form a coherent group relating to Skipton. Each text is accompanied by notes and discussion of points of interest. The volume also contains detailed indexes.

This thirteen-volume series, which first appeared between 1914 and 1965, is an extensive collection of the pre-thirteenth-century charters and related records of Yorkshire, which had previously remained largely unpublished. The first three volumes were edited by William Farrer (1861-1924), after whose death Charles Travis Clay (1885-1978) took up the task. The series was well respected for the quality of Farrer's editing, which was surpassed only by that of Clay in the later volumes. Volume 8 (1949) focuses on the honour of Warenne. As Farrer's original notes on Warenne contained only forty-five charters, Clay expanded the range of the present corpus to include texts up to 1240, and charters of the lord of the honour. Each Latin text is accompanied by English notes and discussion of points of interest. This volume also contains facsimile plates of select documents as well as detailed indexes.

This thirteen-volume series, which first appeared between 1914 and 1965, is an extensive collection of the pre-thirteenth-century charters and related records of Yorkshire, which had previously remained largely unpublished. The first three volumes were edited by William Farrer (1861-1924), after whose death Charles Travis Clay (1885-1978) took up the task. The series was well respected for the quality of Farrer's editing, which was surpassed only by that of Clay in the later volumes. Volume 9 (1952) is devoted to the Stuteville fee and documents relating to the Stuteville family. Clay was praised by his contemporaries for his exhaustive genealogical research into the extended branches of this family. The Latin texts presented here are accompanied by English notes and discussion of points of interest. The volume also contains facsimile plates of select documents as well as detailed indexes.

This thirteen-volume series, which first appeared between 1914 and 1965, is an extensive collection of the pre-thirteenth-century charters and related records of Yorkshire, which had previously remained largely unpublished. The first three volumes were edited by William Farrer (1861-1924), after whose death Charles Travis Clay (1885-1978) took up the task. The series was well respected for the quality of Farrer's editing, which was surpassed only by that of Clay in the later volumes. Volume 11 (1963) is devoted to the Percy fee and aims to be a survey of the land which constituted the knights' fees held by William de Percy II in 1166. The Latin texts presented here are accompanied by English notes and discussion of points of interest. The volume also contains facsimile plates of select documents as well as detailed indexes.

Published between 1909 and 1955, this ten-volume collection contains deeds relating to all of Yorkshire, from the twelfth to the seventeenth century. The deeds are of local historical interest, and provide topographical, philological and genealogical information, as well as insights into daily life. The majority of the records here are presented as abstracts, while documents in the vernacular that are of greater interest or importance are printed in full. Where possible, the documents are dated. Thorough background information and discussion of the deeds is included, as are notable physical descriptions, in particular of the seals. Each volume concludes with an index of people and places. Published in 1924, Volume 4 was edited by Charles Travis Clay (1885-1978), who was much admired for the quality of his work. This volume contains several documents held by the Yorkshire Archaeological Society as well as a group of valuable documents from the Middleton collection.