A cell is a membrane bound structure containing biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides. The Endoplasmic Reticulum is organized into a netlike labyrinth of branching tubules and flattened sacs extending throughout the cytosol.The ER has a central role in lipid and protein biosynthesis.The ER membrane makes a major contribution to mitochondrial and peroxisomal membranes by producing most of their lipids. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has many different functions. These include the translocation of proteins (such as secretory proteins) across the ER membrane; the integration of proteins into the membrane; the folding and modification of proteins in the ER lumen; the synthesis of phospholipids and steroids on the cytosolic side of the ER membrane; and the storage of calcium ions in the ER lumen and their regulated release into the cytosol.

Forensic Odontology is an important branch of Dentistry that deals with identification, based on recognition of unique features present in an individual's dental structures. Forensic Dentistry plays a major role in identification in man-made or natural disasters- events which result in multiple fatalities that may not be identifiable through conventional methods. Teeth are one of the strongest structures in the body, and are usually resistant to post mortem decomposition. Based on these unique features, we carried out a study and tried to estimate the time of death of an individual.

This book basically deals with different techniques and microtomes used to produce histopathological sections necessary for diagnosing various pathologies. It starts with history, different classes of microtome and different knives, and continues with detail description of each class of microtome, difficulties encounter in cutting sections and how to overcome those difficulties. Thus it is of great use for students doing their masters in the field of general pathology, oral and maxillofacial pathology and allied courses.

The heritage of the term syndrome is ancient. Accurate diagnosis of a specific syndromes among the 0.7% of babies born with multiple malformations is a necessary pre requisite of providing a prognosis and plan of management for the affected infant, as well as genetic counseling for the parents.More than 3,000 syndromes classified. Optimal growth, development, and learning requires early recognition and intervention.The purpose of this book is to have an insight into the intricacy of different syndromes of orofacial region, which will help for accurate syndromal diagnosis allows a rational approach to treatment & better prognosis.

The book name 'Ribosomes in health and disease' highlighted the key role of ribosomes in physiological and pathological conditions. Ribosomes biogenesis has long been seen as housekeeping with ribosomes seen as a high stable 'constants' within the cell. Here we try to give brief description of function of ribosomes and we also given focus to the staining characteristics of ribosomes. So, we can say that this book provide short review of ribosomes.