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It tells the story of the knight Cliges and his love for his
uncle's wife, Fenice. Because of the story's de-romanticized
depiction of adultery, it has been called a criticism or parody of
the Tristan and Isolde romances. Cliges scholar Lucie Polak not
only verifies the Tristan and Isolde reworking found in the text,
but also suggests that Cliges may be modeled after Ovid's character
Narcissus.
Erec et Enide features many of the common elements of Arthurian
romance, such as Arthurian characters, the knightly quest, and
women or love as a catalyst to action. While it is not the first
story to use conventions of the Arthurian characters and setting,
Chretien de Troyes is credited with the invention of the Arthurian
romance genre by establishing expectation with his contemporary
audience based on its prior knowledge of the subjects.
The action centers on Lancelot's rescue of the queen after she has
been abducted by Meleagant, the son of Bademagu. The Abduction of
Guinevere is one of the oldest motifs in Arthurian legend,
appearing also in Caradoc of Llancarfan's Life of Gildas and carved
on the archivolt in Modena Cathedral.
In the poem, Yvain seeks to avenge his cousin Calogrenant who had
been defeated by an otherworldly knight Esclados beside a magical
storm-making stone in the forest of Broceliande. Yvain defeats
Esclados and falls in love with his widow Laudine.
Chretien's works include five major poems in rhyming eight-syllable
couplets. Four of these are complete; Erec and Enide (c. 1170);
Cliges (c. 1176), and Yvain, the Knight of the Lion and Lancelot,
the Knight of the Cart, both written simultaneously between 1177
and 1181. Chretien's final romance was Perceval, the Story of the
Grail, written between 1181 and 1190, but left unfinished, though
some scholars have disputed this.
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