This comprehensive review presents all modern methods for plant root research, both in the field and in the laboratory. It covers the effects of environmental interactions with root growth and function, and focuses in particular on the assessment of root distribution and dynamics. The processing of root observations, analysis and modelling of root growth and architecture, root-image analysis, computer-assisted tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, are described and discussed. Furthermore, a survey of the application of isotope techniques in root physiology is given.

This is a study of the institutional changes which the Treaty of Amsterdam brought to the European structure, on the one hand, and the provisions regarding social policy and employment which are contained in the new chapters of the Treaty, on the other hand. Four of the five contributions focus on the social policy of the European Union and the European Community. It was essential to include a chapter regarding the institutional changes which have occurred as the social provisions in the Treaty are carried out via institutional structures, as are other aspects of European policy. This book concludes with an index and several annexes, including the consolidated version of the treaties establishing the European Union and the European Community, and the presidency conclusions of the Council Summit meetings at Amsterdam and Luxembourg regarding social policy and employment.