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How do security communities transform into security regimes? This
book compares the construction of cross-border security regimes
across five regions of the world to illustrate how trust emerges
from the day-to-day relations of coordination, cooperation, or
collaboration. Patterns in Border Security: Regional Comparisons
studies the way borderland communities develop, implement, and
align border policy to enhance their sense of security. Borders
have been evolving rapidly in direct response to the multifaceted
challenges brought on by globalization, which has had a nuanced
impact on the way borders are governed and border security is
managed. Taking a methodical comparative regional approach, this
book identifies and contrasts determinants of nascent, ascendant,
and mature border security regimes, which the book documents in
seven regional case studies from across the globe. The findings
identify conditions that give rise to cross-border and
trans-governmental coordination, cooperation, or collaboration.
Specifically, pluralistic forms of communication and interactions,
sometimes far from the actual borderline, emerge as key
determinants of friendly and trustful relations among both
contiguous and non-contiguous regions. This is a significant
innovation in the study of borders, in particular in the way
borders mediate security. For six decades international security
studies had posited culture as the bedrock of security communities.
By contrast, the book identifies conditions, a method, and a model
for adequate and effective cross-border relations, but whose
outcome is not contingent on culture. The chapters in this book
were originally published as a special issue of Commonwealth and
Comparative Politics with a Foreword by the Secretary General of
the World Customs Organization.
Old sergeants say, "we're here to defend democracy, not to practice
it!" But are they right? The special mandate with which defence and
security organizations are tasked imposes unique constraints with
respect to the accommodation of diversity which differs from those
faced by any other public or private organization. Yet, the
compound effect of demographic, political, economic, social and
legal pressures is making diversity as inevitable in the defence
and security sector as in any other organization in advanced
industrialized democracies. Owing in part to a dearth of research
on the way the defence and security sectors can leverage diversity
to enhance their functional imperatives, such sectors have been
reticent about diversity. The chapters in this volume strive to
enlighten the debate by laying out the concepts, clarifying
theoretical issues, and providing empirical evidence. The case
studies draw on Canada, Guyana, the Netherlands, South Africa, and
the United Kingdom. They examine ethno-cultural, gender, and
sexual-minority diversity in a variety of missions, including
Bosnia-Herzegovina and Afghanistan. The chapters are notable for
their methodological pluralism and interdisciplinary range
including political science, sociology, anthropology, and
psychology. Although scholarly in nature, the book is readily
accessible to professionals and practitioners alike. This book was
published as a special issue of Commonwealth and Comparative
Politics.
Old sergeants say, "we're here to defend democracy, not to practice
it!" But are they right? The special mandate with which defence and
security organizations are tasked imposes unique constraints with
respect to the accommodation of diversity which differs from those
faced by any other public or private organization. Yet, the
compound effect of demographic, political, economic, social and
legal pressures is making diversity as inevitable in the defence
and security sector as in any other organization in advanced
industrialized democracies. Owing in part to a dearth of research
on the way the defence and security sectors can leverage diversity
to enhance their functional imperatives, such sectors have been
reticent about diversity. The chapters in this volume strive to
enlighten the debate by laying out the concepts, clarifying
theoretical issues, and providing empirical evidence. The case
studies draw on Canada, Guyana, the Netherlands, South Africa, and
the United Kingdom. They examine ethno-cultural, gender, and
sexual-minority diversity in a variety of missions, including
Bosnia-Herzegovina and Afghanistan. The chapters are notable for
their methodological pluralism and interdisciplinary range
including political science, sociology, anthropology, and
psychology. Although scholarly in nature, the book is readily
accessible to professionals and practitioners alike. This book was
published as a special issue of Commonwealth and Comparative
Politics.
The protection of the homeland is the top priority for U.S.
national security strategy. Strategic defense, however, has been an
overlooked dimension in the vast literature on the U.S. strategic
posture, with even less attention given to the necessity and
dynamics of security collaboration within North America. Drawing on
the expertise of scholars from the U.S., Canada and Mexico, the
book offers a wide range of perspectives on recent trends in, and
future prospects for, the military and political evolution of North
American strategic defense. North American strategic defense is a
topic too often taken for granted: as this excellent book shows,
that is a mistake. In the 21st century, perhaps even more than the
20th, it will be an issue of cardinal importance to both the United
States and Canada. Eliot A. Cohen Robert E. Osgood Professor of
Strategic Studies, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International
Studies NORAD's binational command is unique, and this timely and
ambitious book examines its continued relevance to North American
defense against a host of new global threats. It broadens the focus
of what we mean by North American defense, contemplates how we
might include Mexico in various regional security arrangements, and
considers the dynamics of expanded North American interdependence
in the Trump era. Laura Dawson Director of the Canada Institute,
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars North American
Strategic Defense in the 21st Century is an important book. This
edited volume brings together a galaxy of stars, both rising and
established, with outstanding credentials regarding NORAD and
associated matter in the study of security. This original and
well-written volume is the first of its kind since the Cold War -
long overdue and impressive in contents. The chapters cover both
panoramic issues and more specific matters, and the collection is
essential reading for academics, policy-makers and the general
public. Patrick James Dornsife Dean's Professor, School of
International Relations, University of Southern California
The protection of the homeland is the top priority for U.S.
national security strategy. Strategic defense, however, has been an
overlooked dimension in the vast literature on the U.S. strategic
posture, with even less attention given to the necessity and
dynamics of security collaboration within North America. Drawing on
the expertise of scholars from the U.S., Canada and Mexico, the
book offers a wide range of perspectives on recent trends in, and
future prospects for, the military and political evolution of North
American strategic defense. North American strategic defense is a
topic too often taken for granted: as this excellent book shows,
that is a mistake. In the 21st century, perhaps even more than the
20th, it will be an issue of cardinal importance to both the United
States and Canada. Eliot A. Cohen Robert E. Osgood Professor of
Strategic Studies, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International
Studies NORAD's binational command is unique, and this timely and
ambitious book examines its continued relevance to North American
defense against a host of new global threats. It broadens the focus
of what we mean by North American defense, contemplates how we
might include Mexico in various regional security arrangements, and
considers the dynamics of expanded North American interdependence
in the Trump era. Laura Dawson Director of the Canada Institute,
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars North American
Strategic Defense in the 21st Century is an important book. This
edited volume brings together a galaxy of stars, both rising and
established, with outstanding credentials regarding NORAD and
associated matter in the study of security. This original and
well-written volume is the first of its kind since the Cold War -
long overdue and impressive in contents. The chapters cover both
panoramic issues and more specific matters, and the collection is
essential reading for academics, policy-makers and the general
public. Patrick James Dornsife Dean's Professor, School of
International Relations, University of Southern California
Historically, national borders have evolved in ways that serve the
interests of central states in security and the regulation of
trade. Security. Cooperation. Governance. explores
Canada–US border and security policies that have evolved from
successive trade agreements since the 1950s, punctuated by new and
emerging challenges to security in the twenty-first century. The
sectoral and geographical diversity of cross-border interdependence
of what remains the world’s largest bilateral trade relationship
makes the US–Canada border a living laboratory for studying the
interaction of trade, security, and other border policies that
challenge traditional centralized approaches to national security.
The book’s findings show that border governance straddles
multiple regional, sectoral, and security scales in ways rarely
documented in such detail. These developments have precipitated an
Open Border Paradox: extensive, regionally varied flows of trade
and people have resulted in a series of nested but interdependent
security regimes that function on different scales and vary across
economic and policy sectors. These realities have given rise to
regional and sectoral specialization in related security regimes.
For instance, just-in-time automotive production in the Great Lakes
region varies considerably from the governance of maritime and
intermodal trade (and port systems) on the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts, which in turn is quite different from commodity-based
systems that manage diverse agricultural and food trade in the
Canadian Prairies and U.S. Great Plains. The paradox of open
borders and their legitimacy is a function of robust bilateral and
multilevel governance based on effective partnerships with substate
governments and the private sector. Effective policy accounts for
regional variation in integrated binational security and trade
imperatives. At the same time, binational and continental policies
are embedded in each country’s trade and security relationships
beyond North America.
Geopolitics and climate change now have immediate consequences for
national and international security interests across the Arctic and
Antarctic. The world's polar regions are contested and
strategically central to geopolitical rivalry. At the same time,
rapid political, social, and environmental change presents
unprecedented challenges for governance, environmental protection,
and maritime operations in the regions.With chapters that raise
awareness, address challenges, and inform policy options, Polar
Cousins reviews the state of strategic thinking and options on
Antarctica and the Southern Oceans in light of experience in the
circumpolar North. Prioritizing strategic issues, it provides an
essential discussion of geostrategic thinking, strategic policy,
and strategy development. Featuring contributions from
international defence experts, scientists, academics, policymakers,
and decisionmakers, Polar Cousins offers key insights into the
challenges unique to the polar regions.
Geopolitics and climate change now have immediate consequences for
national and international security interests across the Arctic and
Antarctic. The world's polar regions are contested and
strategically central to geopolitical rivalry. At the same time,
rapid political, social, and environmental change presents
unprecedented challenges for governance, environmental protection,
and maritime operations in the regions.With chapters that raise
awareness, address challenges, and inform policy options, Polar
Cousins reviews the state of strategic thinking and options on
Antarctica and the Southern Oceans in light of experience in the
circumpolar North. Prioritizing strategic issues, it provides an
essential discussion of geostrategic thinking, strategic policy,
and strategy development. Featuring contributions from
international defence experts, scientists, academics, policymakers,
and decisionmakers, Polar Cousins offers key insights into the
challenges unique to the polar regions.
Public Security in Federal Polities is the first systematic and
methodical study to bring together the fields of security studies
and comparative federalism. The volume explores the symbiotic
relationship between public security concerns and institutional
design, public administration, and public policy across nine
federal country case studies: Brazil, Canada, Germany, India,
Mexico, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. In
addressing specific national security concerns and aspects of
globalization that are challenging conventional approaches to
global, international, regional, and domestic security, this volume
examines how the constitutional and institutional framework of a
society affects the effectiveness and efficiency of public security
arrangements. Public Security in Federal Polities identifies
differences and similarities, highlights best practices, and draws
out lessons for both particular federations, and for federal
systems in general. This book is essential reading for scholars,
students, practitioners as well as policy- and decision-makers of
security and federalism.
Local governments are becoming increasingly important around the
world and functions are being shifted across levels of government.
This timely comparative analysis breaks new ground in the study of
multilevel governance, intergovernmental relations, and municipal
government. Spheres of Governance systematically compares the
challenges faced by municipalities in Australia, France, Germany,
Mexico, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States,
with emphasis on the relationship between the municipal and federal
levels. Each chapter analyzes a municipality in relation to its
responsibilities, functions, and organization; constitutional and
fiscal position; relations with the central government; provincial
and state governments mediation of these relationships; and public
policy development, especially with regard to emergency planning
and immigration and settlement. The chapters also highlight the
tensions and pressures for change in the systems.
Historically, national borders have evolved in ways that serve the
interests of central states in security and the regulation of
trade. Security. Cooperation. Governance. explores
Canada–US border and security policies that have evolved from
successive trade agreements since the 1950s, punctuated by new and
emerging challenges to security in the twenty-first century. The
sectoral and geographical diversity of cross-border interdependence
of what remains the world’s largest bilateral trade relationship
makes the US–Canada border a living laboratory for studying the
interaction of trade, security, and other border policies that
challenge traditional centralized approaches to national security.
The book’s findings show that border governance straddles
multiple regional, sectoral, and security scales in ways rarely
documented in such detail. These developments have precipitated an
Open Border Paradox: extensive, regionally varied flows of trade
and people have resulted in a series of nested but interdependent
security regimes that function on different scales and vary across
economic and policy sectors. These realities have given rise to
regional and sectoral specialization in related security regimes.
For instance, just-in-time automotive production in the Great Lakes
region varies considerably from the governance of maritime and
intermodal trade (and port systems) on the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts, which in turn is quite different from commodity-based
systems that manage diverse agricultural and food trade in the
Canadian Prairies and U.S. Great Plains. The paradox of open
borders and their legitimacy is a function of robust bilateral and
multilevel governance based on effective partnerships with substate
governments and the private sector. Effective policy accounts for
regional variation in integrated binational security and trade
imperatives. At the same time, binational and continental policies
are embedded in each country’s trade and security relationships
beyond North America.
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