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While human cannibalism has attracted considerable notice and
controversy, certain aspects of the practice have received scant
attention. These include the connection between cannibalism and
xenophobia: the capture and consumption of unwanted strangers.
Likewise ignored is the connection to slavery: the fact that in
some societies slaves and persons captured in slave raids could be,
and were, killed and eaten. This book explores these largely
forgotten practices and ignored connections while making explicit
the links between cannibal acts, imperialist influences and the
role of capitalist trading practices. These are highly important
for the history of the slave trade and for understanding the
colonialist history of Africa.
A new mode of production has emerged in the areas of software and
content production. This mode, which is based on sharing and
cooperation, has spawned whole mature operating systems such as
GNU/Linux as well as innumerable other free software applications;
giant knowledge bases such as the Wikipedia; a large free culture
movement; and a new, wholly decentralized medium for spreading,
analyzing and discussing news and knowledge, the so-called
blogosphere. So far, this new mode of production-peer
production-has been limited to certain niches of production, such
as information goods. This book discusses whether this limitation
is necessary or whether the potential of peer production extends
farther. In other words: Is a society possible in which peer
production is the primary mode of production? If so, how could such
a society be organized? Is a society possible where production is
driven by demand and not by profit? Where there is no need to sell
anything and hence no unemployment? Where competition is more a
game than a struggle for survival? Where there is no distinction
between people with capital and those without? A society where it
would be silly to keep your ideas and knowledge secret instead of
sharing them; and where scarcity is no longer a precondition of
economic success, but a problem to be worked around? It is, and
this book describes how.
Most of the information stored in digital form is hidden in natural
language texts. The purpose of Information Extraction (IE) is to
find desired pieces of information in unstructured or weakly
structured texts and store them in a form that is suitable for
automatic querying and processing. This book presents a innovative
approach to statistical information extraction. It introduces a new
algorithm which supports functionality not available in previous IE
systems, such as interactive incremental training to reduce the
human training effort. The system also utilizes new sources of
information, employing rich tree-based context representations to
combine document structure (HTML or XML markup) with linguistic and
semantic information. The resulting IE system is designed as a
generic framework for statistical information extraction. All core
components can be modified or exchanged independently of each
other. This book is of interest for professionals who have to deal
with large amounts of weakly structured information and seek ways
to automate this process, as well as for researchers and
practitioners active in the fields of text mining and text
classification.
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