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Archaeology's links to international relations are well known:
launching and sustaining international expeditions requires the
honed diplomatic skills of ambassadors. U.S. foreign policy depends
on archaeologists to foster mutual understanding, mend fences, and
build bridges. This book explores how international partnerships
inherent in archaeological legal instruments and policies,
especially involvement with major U.S. museums, contribute to the
underlying principles of U.S. cultural diplomacy. Archaeology forms
a critical part of the U.S. State Department's diplomatic toolkit.
Many, if not all, current U.S.-sponsored and directed
archaeological projects operate within U.S. diplomatic agendas.
U.S. Cultural Diplomacy and Archaeology is the first book to
evaluate museums and their roles in presenting the past at national
and international levels, contextualizing the practical and
diplomatic processes of archaeological research within the realm of
cultural heritage. Drawing from analyses and discussion of several
U.S. governmental agencies' treatment of international cultural
heritage and its funding, the history of diplomacy-entangled
research centers abroad, and the necessity of archaeologists'
involvement in diplomatic processes, this seminal work has
implications for the fields of cultural heritage, anthropology,
archaeology, museum studies, international relations, law, and
policy studies.
Archaeology's links to international relations are well known:
launching and sustaining international expeditions requires the
honed diplomatic skills of ambassadors. U.S. foreign policy depends
on archaeologists to foster mutual understanding, mend fences, and
build bridges. This book explores how international partnerships
inherent in archaeological legal instruments and policies,
especially involvement with major U.S. museums, contribute to the
underlying principles of U.S. cultural diplomacy. Archaeology forms
a critical part of the U.S. State Department's diplomatic toolkit.
Many, if not all, current U.S.-sponsored and directed
archaeological projects operate within U.S. diplomatic agendas.
U.S. Cultural Diplomacy and Archaeology is the first book to
evaluate museums and their roles in presenting the past at national
and international levels, contextualizing the practical and
diplomatic processes of archaeological research within the realm of
cultural heritage. Drawing from analyses and discussion of several
U.S. governmental agencies' treatment of international cultural
heritage and its funding, the history of diplomacy-entangled
research centers abroad, and the necessity of archaeologists'
involvement in diplomatic processes, this seminal work has
implications for the fields of cultural heritage, anthropology,
archaeology, museum studies, international relations, law, and
policy studies.
An exploration of heritage practice in Turkey at the intersection
of academia, policy, and practice. The papers published in
this volume were among those presented at the 14th International
ANAMED Annual Symposium (IAAS), held at Istanbul’s Koç
University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations in 2019.
Bringing together archaeologists and heritage professionals from
diverse backgrounds engaged in the conservation of archaeological
and natural sites, the symposium focused on topics of heritage
conservation and development in Turkey, with a particular focus on
World Heritage Sites. The papers in this volume explore the
conservation and future of archaeological and natural heritage,
including but not limited to the World Heritage Convention and its
application in Turkey, site conservation and financing of
conservation work, community engagement during archaeological
research, and public perceptions of archaeology. Providing
reflection on and critical assessment of their own work, the
authors discuss both achievements and problems to create a clearer
picture of what works and what does not work in certain conditions.
Known as "the Pearl of the Mediterranean," Izmir invokes a city and
countryside blessed with good fortune; it is known to many as the
homeland of Ephesus, Bergama, and Sardis. Yet, Turkey's third
largest city has an especially vexed past. The Greek pursuit of the
Megali Idea leveraged Classical history for 19th century political
gains, and in so doing also foreshadowed the "Asia Minor
Catastrophe." Princeton University's work at Sardis played into the
duplicitous agendas of western archaeologists, learned societies,
and diplomats seeking to structure heritage policy and
international regulations in their favor, from the 1919 Paris Peace
Conference to the League of Nations. A Pearl in Peril reveals the
voices of those on the ground. It also explores how Howard Crosby
Butler, William Hepburn Buckler, and William Berry penetrated the
inner circle of world leaders, including Woodrow Wilson, Lloyd
George, and Eleftherios Venizelos. On the smoldering ashes of
Anatolia's scorched earth, foreign intervention continued apace
with plans for large-scale development. A Pearl in Peril tackles
the untold story of Julian Huxley's admiration of the US Tennessee
Valley Authority's "principals of persuasion" in the context of the
industrial landscapes and pursuit of modernity in the Aegean. The
promise of UNESCO, too, brought diplomacy dollars deployed to
foster "mutual understanding" through preservation programs at
Sardis. Yet, from this same pot of money came support for "open
intelligence" at the international fairs held in Izmir's
Kulturpark, a turnkey battleground of the Cold War. Ironically, it
was UNESCO's colossal Abu Simbel project in Egypt that led the US
to abandon their preservation initiatives in Turkey. Five decades
on, groves of organic olives, marble quarries and gold mines not
only threaten the erasure of sacred landscapes, but also ensure the
livelihood of local communities. Ultimately, A Pearl in Peril
offers a bold assessment of diplomatic practice, perspectives of
contemporary heritage, and the challenges of unprecedented
expansion of city and countryside.
Archaeological artifacts have become a traded commodity in large
part because the global reach of Western society allows easy access
to the world's archaeological heritage. Acquired by the world's
leading museums and private collectors, antiquities have been
removed from archaeological sites, monuments, or cultural
institutions and illegally traded. This collection of essays by
world-recognized experts investigates the ways that com-modifying
artifacts fuels the destruction of archaeological heritage and
considers what can be done to protect it. Despite growing national
and international legislation to protect cultural heritage,
increasing numbers of archaeological sites-among them, war-torn
Afghanistan and Iraq-are subject to pillage as the monetary value
of artifacts rises. Offering comprehensive examinations of
archaeological site looting, the antiquities trade, the ruin of
cultural heritage resources, and the international efforts to
combat their destruction, the authors argue that the antiquities
market impacts cultural heritage around the world and is a
burgeoning global crisis.
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