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Today the Upper Thames Valley is a region of green pastures and
well-managed farmland, interspersed with pretty villages and
intersected by a meandering river. The discovery in 1989 of a
mammoth tusk in river gravels at Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire,
revealed the very different ancient past of this landscape. Here,
some 200,000 years ago, mammoths, straight-tusked elephants, lions,
and other animals roamed across grasslands with scattered trees,
occasionally disturbed by small bands of Neanderthals. The pit
where the tusk was discovered, destined to become a waste disposal
site, provided a rare opportunity to conduct intensive excavations
that extended over a period of 10 years. This work resulted in the
recording and recovery of more than 1500 vertebrate fossils and an
abundance of other biological material, including insects,
molluscs, and plant remains, together with 36 stone artefacts
attributable to Neanderthals. The well-preserved plant remains
include leaves, nuts, twigs and large oak logs. Vertebrate remains
notably include the most comprehensive known assemblage of a
distinctive small form of the steppe mammoth, Mammuthus
trogontherii, that is characteristic of an interglacial period
equated with marine isotope stage 7 (MIS 7). Richly illustrated
throughout, Mammoths and Neanderthals in the Thames Valley offers a
detailed account of all these finds and will be of interest to
Quaternary specialists and students alike.
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