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Smaller nations have a special place in the international system,
with a striking capacity to defy the expectations of most observers
and many prominent theories of international relations. This volume
of classic essays highlights the ability of small states to counter
power with superior commitment, to rely on tightly knit domestic
institutions with a shared ideology of social partnership, and to
set agendas as entrepreneurs. The volume is organised around themes
such as how and why small states defy expectations of realist
approaches to the study of power; the agenda-setting capacity of
smaller powers in international society and in regional governance
structures such as the European Union; and how small states and
representatives from these societies play the role of entrepreneurs
in world politics - from the promotion of sustainable solutions to
innovative humanitarian programmes and policies.
The early 1980s brought dramatic changes in East-West relations.
The decade began with the death of Yugoslavia's Tito, the birth of
Poland's Solidarity trade union, and the U.S. election of Ronald
Reagan as president. These key developments, together with the
growing financial insolvency of the Soviet bloc and shifts in power
in the Kremlin culminating in the election of Mikhail Gorbachev as
general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in
1985 signalled the end of an era. Since then, U.S. relations with
Europe have charted a new course, influenced especially by the
dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, the expansion of NATO, and the
growing strength of the European Union. This volume analyzes U.S.
relations with Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Russia, Poland, and
Ukraine, and examines the new role for NATO in the post-Cold War
world and the evolving dynamics in the U.S.-EU partnership. Through
their assessment of mutual perceptions, evolving interests, and
clashing agendas, the contributors offer a fresh and thoughtful
exploration of the relationship between the United States and the
major European states.
This clear and engaging text offers a sustained appraisal of
Scandinavia's foreign policy and role in the global economy in the
post-Cold War period. In an era when good citizenship in the global
community has become a diplomatic priority for many states,
Christine Ingebritsen argues that Scandinavia has both the
legitimacy and the domestic political attributes to be an important
international player. She examines how social innovators such as
Sweden and Finland seek to influence European integration and how
Norway has cultivated a unique and innovative niche in its foreign
relations. Scandinavia, she convincingly shows, has become a 'norm
entrepreneur,' exercising its influence abroad through moral
leadership-from sponsoring the Nobel Prize and participating in
global peacekeeping efforts to providing generous foreign aid and
monitoring human rights abuses in the international community.
Demonstrating how Scandinavia has made its model of the good
society viable on a global scale, this text offers a fascinating
case of small-state success and individuality in an increasingly
globalized world.
The idea of European unity, which the Nordic states have
historically resisted, has recently become the foremost concern of
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, and Finland. Christine
Ingebritsen provides a timely analysis of Nordic economic and
security policies in the wake of the vast transformation of
regional politics between 1985 and 1995. The Nordic States and
European Unity addresses two central questions: Why did all five
Nordic states trade autonomy for integration after 1985? And why do
some follow the British pattern, resisting supranationalism, while
others prefer the German strategy of embedding their policies in a
common European project?Through extensive interviews with
representatives of trade unions, government ministries,
parliamentary committees, social movements, and military and
industrial organizations, Ingebritsen charts adjustments to the
idea of a regional system of governance. She highlights crucial
differences among these nations as they seek to protect their
borders against new security threats. In particular, Ingebritsen
shows how the political influence of leading sectors affects each
state's capacity to pursue an integrationist policy. Economic
sectors are not uniformly affected by European policy coordination,
and the experience of the Nordic states demonstrates this
difference. Her work shifts the focus of political economics away
from enduring, domestic institutions toward an understanding of
institutions as sectoral and transnational.
The idea of European unity, which the Nordic states have
historically resisted, has recently become the foremost concern of
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland and Finland. Christine Ingebritsen
provides an analysis of Nordic economic and security policies in
the wake of the vast transformation of regional politics between
1985 and 1995. The Nordic States and European Unity addresses two
central questions: Why did all five Nordic states trade autonomy
for integration after 1985? And why do some follow the British
pattern, resisting supranationalism, while others prefer the German
strategy of embedding their policies in a common European project?
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