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New, specially commissioned essays providing an in-depth scholarly
introduction to the great thinker of the European Enlightenment.
Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) is one of the great names of
the classical age of German literature. One of the last
universalists, he wrote on aesthetics, literary history and theory,
historiography, anthropology, psychology,education, and theology;
translated and adapted poetry from ancient Greek, English, Italian,
even from Persian and Arabic; collected folk songs from around the
world; and pioneered a better understanding of non-European
cultures.A student of Kant's, he became Goethe's mentor in
Strasbourg, and was a mastermind of the Sturm und Drang and a
luminary of classical Weimar. But the wide range of Herder's
interests and writings, along with his unorthodox ways of seeing
things, seems to have prevented him being fully appreciated for any
of them. His image has also been clouded by association with
political ideologies, the proponents of which ignored the message
of Humanitat in histexts. So although Herder is acknowledged by
scholars to be one of the great thinkers of European Enlightenment,
there is no up-to-date, comprehensive introduction to his works in
English, a lacuna this book fills with seventeennew, specially
commissioned essays. Contributors: Hans Adler, Wulf Koepke, Steven
Martinson, Marion Heinz and Heinrich Clairmont, John Zammito,
Jurgen Trabant, Stefan Greif, Ulrich Gaier, Karl Menges, Christoph
Bultmann, Martin Kessler, Arnd Bohm, Gerhard Sauder, Robert E.
Norton, Harro Muller-Michaels, Gunter Arnold, Kurt Kloocke, and
Ernest A. Menze. Hans Adler is Halls-Bascom Professor of Modern
Literature Studies at the Universityof Wisconsin-Madison. Wulf
Koepke is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of German, Texas A&M
University and recipient of the Medal of the International J. G.
Herder Society.
In the 16th century philological competence and theological
dynamics led to a new appreciation of the Bible as the foundation
of the Christian Church. As a result the question of hermeneutics
became an important chapter of theological controversy. The studies
presented in this volume analyse the argumentative form of the
early modern Philologia Sacra and how it was influenced by
apologetic impulses in the formation and rendition of
ecclesiastical doctrine. Particular attention is paid to Salomon
Glassius as the most representative author of the Philologia Sacra
in Lutheranism.
The conflict about the fragments of "Apologia or Defense for the
Rational Reverers of God" by the Hamburg scholar Hermann Samuel
Reimarus and the "Counter-propositions" by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
caused an uproar in the Lutheran theological world of the 18th
century. Would this form of Christianity, rooted in the tradition
of the Lutheran Reformation, be superseded by the Enlightenment if
literary, historical and religious-philosophical criticism of the
Bible were now allowed? Lessing presents his solution of the
problem in Axioms, which this book places in the context of his
overall thought.
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