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Prior work has shown that there is a significant amount of turnover
amongst the African poor as households exit and enter poverty. Some
of this mobility can be attributed to regular movement back and
forth in response to exogenous variability in climate, prices,
health, etc. ('churning'). Other crossings of the poverty line
reflect permanent shifts in long-term well-being associated with
gains or losses of productive assets or permanent changes in asset
productivity due, for example, to adoption of improved technologies
or access to new, higher-value markets. Distinguishing true
structural mobility from simple churning is important because it
clarifies the factors that facilitate such important structural
change. Conversely, it also helps identify the constraints that may
leave other households caught in a trap of persistent, structural
poverty. The papers in this book help to distinguish the types of
poverty and to deepen understanding of the structural features and
constraints that create poverty traps. Such an understanding allows
communities, local governments and donors to take proactive,
effective steps to combat persistent poverty in Africa. This book
was previously published as a special issue of the Journal of
Development Studies.
Prior work has shown that there is a significant amount of turnover
amongst the African poor as households exit and enter poverty. Some
of this mobility can be attributed to regular movement back and
forth in response to exogenous variability in climate, prices,
health, etc. ('churning'). Other crossings of the poverty line
reflect permanent shifts in long-term well-being associated with
gains or losses of productive assets or permanent changes in asset
productivity due, for example, to adoption of improved technologies
or access to new, higher-value markets. Distinguishing true
structural mobility from simple churning is important because it
clarifies the factors that facilitate such important structural
change. Conversely, it also helps identify the constraints that may
leave other households caught in a trap of persistent, structural
poverty. The papers in this book help to distinguish the types of
poverty and to deepen understanding of the structural features and
constraints that create poverty traps. Such an understanding allows
communities, local governments and donors to take proactive,
effective steps to combat persistent poverty in Africa. This book
was previously published as a special issue of the Journal of
Development Studies.
This book analyzes the impact food aid programmes have had over the
past fifty years, assessing the current situation as well as future
prospects. Issues such as political expediency, the impact of
international trade and exchange rates are put under the microscope
to provide the reader with a greater understanding of this
important subject matter.
This book will prove vital to students of development economics and
development studies and those working in the field.
This book presents a unique analysis of the moral and social
dimensions of microeconomic behaviour in developing countries and
calls into question standard notions of rationality and many of the
assumptions of neo-classical economics, showing how these are
inappropriate in communities with widespread disparity in incomes.
This book will prove to be essential for students studying
development economics.
The 1954 Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act,
effectively began the modern era of food aid. Over the past fifty
years the lives of hundreds of millions of people worldwide have
been improved. Despite this it remains one of the most
misunderstood and controversial instruments of contemporary
international policy.
"Food Aid After Fifty Years" explores the motivations and
modalities of food aid and examines issues which impinge on its
effectiveness. The book utilizes analytical and empirical accounts
of food aid to resolve key misunderstandings and explore long
standing myths. An alternative strategy is presented for recasting
food aid, making it more effective in alleviating poverty, hunger
and vulnerability.
"Food Aid After Fifty Years" provides a clear, comprehensive and
current explanation of a wide range of issues surrounding food aid
and its policy and operations and will prove vital to students of
Development Economics and Development Studies and those working in
the field.
This open access book is the result of an expert panel convened by
the Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability and Nature
Sustainability. The panel tackled the seventeen UN Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 head-on, with respect to the
global systems that produce and distribute food. The panel's
rigorous synthesis and analysis of existing research leads
compellingly to multiple actionable recommendations that, if
adopted, would simultaneously lead to healthy and nutritious diets,
equitable and inclusive value chains, resilience to shocks and
stressors, and climate and environmental sustainability.
Development economics is in many senses the most fundamental field
within the discipline of economics, focused on understanding how
resource allocation, human behaviour, institutional arrangements,
and private and public policy jointly influence the evolution of
the human condition. As the opening sentence of T.W. Schultz's 1979
Nobel Prize lecture declared, 'Most of the people in the world are
poor, so if we knew the economics of being poor, we would know much
of the economics that really matters.' Development economics
research ultimately explores why some countries, communities, and
people are rich and others poor. Rapid economic growth is, in
historical terms, a recent phenomenon confined to the past 300
years for less than one-quarter of the world's population. Growing
and seemingly persistent gaps in prosperity between rich and poor
peoples - within and between countries - contributes to
sociopolitical tensions, affects patterns of human pressure on the
natural environment, and generally touches all facets of human
existence. Understanding the process of economic development is
thus central to most research in economics and the social sciences
more broadly. Development economics nonetheless emerged as a
distinct field of analytical, empirical, and institutional research
only in the past half century or so, with especially rapid progress
in the past generation. Development Economics is a new Major Work
from Routledge. Edited by a well-established scholar who has
published broadly in the field, this four-volume collection
provides a thorough review of the evolution of the field, covering
development microeconomics, meso-level institutional phenomena
associated with communities and markets, as well as development
macroeconomics, in each case integrating theoretical and empirical
research. Including a newly written and extensive introductory
essay that summarizes the state of the field and the history of
thought in development economics for those new to the area, the
collection will be welcomed by academic researchers, policy
practitioners, and students alike.
When conducting research in developing countries, an ability to
negotiate a bewildering array of cultural and logistical obstacles
is essential. Overseas Research: A Practical Guide distills
essential lessons from scores of students and scholars who have
collected data and done fieldwork abroad, including how to prepare
for the field, how and where to find funding for one's fieldwork,
issues of personal safety and security, and myriad logistical and
relational issues. By encouraging researchers to think through the
challenges of research before they begin it, Overseas Research will
help prepare fieldworkers for the practical, logistical, and
psychological considerations of very demanding work, help save
valuable time, make the most of scarce financial resources, and
enhance the quality of the field research. This third edition
contains new material on social media, including representation of
research subjects/collaborators, students' digital branding and
image, and representing universities abroad when posting publicly.
It also covers emerging technologies such as solar panels for power
in remote locations, new ways of digitally sending and receiving
money, and incorporates more perspectives of women, LGBTQ+ people,
and people of color researching abroad. The book will be of
interest to overseas fieldworkers, and also to undergraduates in
subjects such as anthropology, economics, geography, history,
international studies, politics, sociology, and development
studies.
This book presents a unique analysis of the moral and social
dimensions of microeconomic behaviour in developing countries and
calls into question standard notions of rationality and many of the
assumptions of neo-classical economics, showing how these are
inappropriate in communities with widespread disparity in incomes.
This book will prove to be essential for students studying
development economics.
When conducting research in developing countries, an ability to
negotiate a bewildering array of cultural and logistical obstacles
is essential. Overseas Research: A Practical Guide distills
essential lessons from scores of students and scholars who have
collected data and done fieldwork abroad, including how to prepare
for the field, how and where to find funding for one's fieldwork,
issues of personal safety and security, and myriad logistical and
relational issues. By encouraging researchers to think through the
challenges of research before they begin it, Overseas Research will
help prepare fieldworkers for the practical, logistical, and
psychological considerations of very demanding work, help save
valuable time, make the most of scarce financial resources, and
enhance the quality of the field research. This third edition
contains new material on social media, including representation of
research subjects/collaborators, students' digital branding and
image, and representing universities abroad when posting publicly.
It also covers emerging technologies such as solar panels for power
in remote locations, new ways of digitally sending and receiving
money, and incorporates more perspectives of women, LGBTQ+ people,
and people of color researching abroad. The book will be of
interest to overseas fieldworkers, and also to undergraduates in
subjects such as anthropology, economics, geography, history,
international studies, politics, sociology, and development
studies.
Global food price spikes in 2008 and again in 2011 coincided with a
surge of political unrest in low- and middle-income countries.
Angry consumers took to the streets in scores of nations. In some
places, food riots turned violent, pressuring governments and in a
few cases contributed to their overthrow. Foreign investors sparked
a new global land rush, adding a different set of pressures. With
scientists cautioning that the world has entered a new era of
steadily rising food prices, perhaps aggravated by climate change,
the specter of widespread food insecurity and sociopolitical
instability weighs on policymakers worldwide. In the past few
years, governments and philanthropic foundations began redoubling
efforts to resuscitate agricultural research and technology
transfer, as well as to accelerate the modernization of food value
chains to deliver high quality food inexpensively, faster, and in
greater volumes to urban consumers. But will these efforts suffice?
This volume explores the complex relationship between food security
and sociopolitical stability up to roughly 2025. Organized around a
series of original essays by leading global technical experts, a
key message of this volume is that actions taken in an effort to
address food security stressors may have consequences for food
security, stability, or both that ultimately matter far more than
the direct impacts of biophysical drivers such as climate or land
or water scarcity. The means by which governments, firms, and
private philanthropies tackle the food security challenge of the
coming decade will fundamentally shape the relationship between
food security and sociopolitical stability.
Global food price spikes in 2008 and again in 2011 coincided with a
surge of political unrest in low- and middle-income countries.
Angry consumers took to the streets in scores of nations. In some
places, food riots turned violent, pressuring governments and in a
few cases contributed to their overthrow. Foreign investors sparked
a new global land rush, adding a different set of pressures. With
scientists cautioning that the world has entered a new era of
steadily rising food prices, perhaps aggravated by climate change,
the specter of widespread food insecurity and sociopolitical
instability weighs on policymakers worldwide. In the past few
years, governments and philanthropic foundations began redoubling
efforts to resuscitate agricultural research and technology
transfer, as well as to accelerate the modernization of food value
chains to deliver high quality food inexpensively, faster, and in
greater volumes to urban consumers. But will these efforts suffice?
This volume explores the complex relationship between food security
and sociopolitical stability up to roughly 2025. Organized around a
series of original essays by leading global technical experts, a
key message of this volume is that actions taken in an effort to
address food security stressors may have consequences for food
security, stability, or both that ultimately matter far more than
the direct impacts of biophysical drivers such as climate or land
or water scarcity. The means by which governments, firms, and
private philanthropies tackle the food security challenge of the
coming decade will fundamentally shape the relationship between
food security and sociopolitical stability.
This open access book is the result of an expert panel convened by
the Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability and Nature
Sustainability. The panel tackled the seventeen UN Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 head-on, with respect to the
global systems that produce and distribute food. The panel's
rigorous synthesis and analysis of existing research leads
compellingly to multiple actionable recommendations that, if
adopted, would simultaneously lead to healthy and nutritious diets,
equitable and inclusive value chains, resilience to shocks and
stressors, and climate and environmental sustainability.
What circumstances or behaviors turn poverty into a cycle that
perpetuates across generations? The answer to this question carries
especially important implications for the design and evaluation of
policies and projects intended to reduce poverty. Yet a major
challenge analysts and policymakers face in understanding poverty
traps is the sheer number of mechanisms--not just financial, but
also environmental, physical, and psychological--that may
contribute to the persistence of poverty all over the world. The
research in this volume explores the hypothesis that poverty is
self-reinforcing because the equilibrium behaviors of the poor
perpetuate low standards of living. Contributions explore the
dynamic, complex processes by which households accumulate assets
and increase their productivity and earnings potential, as well as
the conditions under which some individuals, groups, and economies
struggle to escape poverty. Investigating the full range of
phenomena that combine to generate poverty traps--gleaned from
behavioral, health, and resource economics as well as the
sociology, psychology, and environmental literatures--chapters in
this volume also present new evidence that highlights both the
insights and the limits of a poverty trap lens. The framework
introduced in this volume provides a robust platform for studying
well-being dynamics in developing economies.
Handbook of Agricultural Economics, Volume Five highlights new
advances in the field, with this new release exploring
comprehensive chapters written by an international board of authors
who discuss topics such as The Economics of Agricultural
Innovation, Climate, food and agriculture, Agricultural Labor
Markets: Immigration Policy, Minimum Wages, Etc., Risk Management
in Agricultural Production, Animal Health and Livestock Disease,
Behavioral and Experimental Economics to Inform Agri-Environmental
Programs and Policies, Big Data, Machine Learning Methods for
Agricultural and Applied Economists, Agricultural data collection
to minimize measurement error and maximize coverage, Gender,
agriculture and nutrition, Social Networks Analysis In Agricultural
Economics, and more.
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