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This book explores the place of poor people within a rich variety
of value chains, focusing upon lagging, rural regions in Africa and
Asia, and how they can 'upgrade' within such chains. Upgrading is a
key concept for value chain analysis and refers to the acquisition
of technological capabilities and market linkages that enable firms
to improve their competitiveness and move into higher-value
activities. The authors examine a range of evidence to assess
whether the 'bottom billion' people, living mainly in the rural
areas of low-income countries, can improve their position through
productive strategies and, if so, how? They propose an innovative
conceptual framework of value chain upgrading for some of the most
marginal producers in the poorest local economies. They demonstrate
how interventions can improve poverty and the environment for poor
people supplying a wide range of services and agricultural and food
products to local, regional and global markets. This analysis is
based on empirical research conducted in Senegal, Mali, Tanzania,
India, Nepal, Philippines and Vietnam. The main focus is on
poverty, environment and gender outcomes of upgrading
interventions, and represents one of the key challenges of
contemporary development economics.
The Closer's Song is set in Greenwich Connecticut circa 1989 just
prior to the last recession. It is the story of the unique
relationship between a highly successful executive and his alter
ego. Gerald Calderone now wealthy, ponders the cost of his fame and
fortune. We learn of his fondness for fast cars and for a
particular subliminal tape that he plays incessantly. We are drawn
back to his childhood in suburban New York circa 1959. Here we
learn of his early pagan existence. We are introduced to an
autistic child, ridiculed and abused by those around him. Shy and
reserved he ultimately turns to religion for solace, only to
encounter innumerable obstacles to self-fulfillment. It is in his
youth that he meets a unique individual named Francis. These two
outcasts form a bond, and together search out their own personal
salvations. Gerald a seminarian through learning and orthodoxy;
Francis a hippie, through nature and humanism. Their relationship
is intense and it leads them from Sleepy Hollow to Woodstock,
Greenwich Village and back. They have such a profound effect on
each other that the distinction between them becomes somewhat
blurred. It ultimately leads to a suicide attempt in Sleepy Hollow
Cemetery at the foot of the Headless Horseman Bridge. Drugs sex and
rock and roll are part of the backdrop, as is raw human emotion.
Eventually they drift apart, as Gerald embraces materialism, and
Francis retreats into the woods. Gerald realizes his indebtedness
to Francis when at the height of his career he stumbles. Plugging
in his favorite tape once too often, he reaches out to his long
lost friend only to be made acutely aware, of the secret he has
been carrying for twenty years.
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