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Develops an understanding of Warwickshire's past for outsiders and
those already engaged with the subject, and to explore questions
which apply in other regions, including those outside the United
Kingdom. Published to mark the one hundredth anniversary of the
Dugdale Society, which publishes Warwickshire's records, this book
brings together a range of scholars - early career researchers,
tenured academics, independent scholars and an archivist - all with
records of excellence in research and writing, who cover a range of
political, social, economic, cultural, architectural and religious
subjects from the eleventh to the twentieth centuries. Besides
providing original and well-researched interpretations of
Warwickshire's past, the book goes further to discuss and analyse
the ways in which writing of local history has changed over the
last hundred years, paying particular attention to meanings and
explanations that have emerged in recent times, from which future
developments can be expected. As such the book will appeal not just
to those interested in the local history of Warwickshire, but also
to everyone concerned with local history in general, and how it
should be studied and written.
The Archaeology of the 11th Century addresses many key questions
surrounding this formative period of English history and considers
conditions before 1066 and how these changed. The impact of the
Conquest of England by the Normans is the central focus of the
book, which not only assesses the destruction and upheaval caused
by the invading forces, but also examines how the Normans
contributed to local culture, religion, and society. The volume
explores a range of topics including food culture, funerary
practices, the development of castles and their impact, and how
both urban and rural life evolved during the 11th century. Through
its nuanced approach to the complex relationships and regional
identities which characterised the period, this collection
stimulates renewed debate and challenges some of the long-standing
myths surrounding the Conquest. Presenting new discoveries and
fresh ideas in a readable style with numerous illustrations, this
interdisciplinary book is an invaluable resource for those
interested in the archaeology, history, geography, art, and
literature of the 11th century.
This series [pushes] the boundaries of knowledge and [develops] new
trends in approach and understanding. ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW For
four decades, Michael Hicks has been a figure central to the study
of fifteenth-century England. His scholarly output is remarkable
both for its sheer bulk and for the diversity of the fields it
covers. This extraordinary breadth is reflected by the variety of
subjects covered by the papers in the present volume, offered to
Professor Hicks by friends, colleagues and former students to mark
his retirement from the University of Winchester. Fifteenth-century
royalty, nobility and gentry, long at the heart of his own work,
naturally take centre stage, but his contribution to economic and
regional history, both in the early part of his career as a
research fellow at the Victoria County History and more recently as
director of a succession of major research projects, is also
reflected in the essays presented here. The individual
contributions are populated by some of the major characters of
Yorkist England, many of them made household names by Professor
Hicks's own writings - King Edward IV and his mistresses; the
Neville earls of Warwick and Salisbury; the Stafford, Herbert,
Percy, Tiptoft and de Vere earls of Devon, Pembroke,Northumberland,
Worcester and Oxford - while the themes covered span the full
panoply of medieval life: from treason to trade, warfare to
widowhood and lordship to law enforcement. Equally broad is the
papers' geographical spread,covering regions from Catalonia to
Normandy, from Hampshire to Yorkshire and from Worcestershire and
the Welsh marches to East Anglia. Contributors: Anne Curry,
Christopher Dyer, Peter Fleming, Ralph Griffiths, JohnHare,
Winifred Harwood, Matthew Holford, Hannes Kleineke, Gordon
McKelvie, Mark Page, Simon Payling, A.J. Pollard, James Ross, Karen
Stoeber, Anne F. Sutton
Essays exploring the potential of the Inquisitions post mortem to
shed important new light on the medieval world. The Inquisitions
post mortem (IPMs) are a truly wonderful source for many different
aspects of late medieval countryside and rural life. They have
recently been made digitally accessible and interrogatable by the
Mappingthe Medieval Countryside project, and the first fruits of
these developments are presented here. The chapters examine IPMs in
connection with the landscape and topography of England, in
particular markets and fairs and mills;and consider the utility of
proofs of age for everyday life on such topics as the Church,
retaining, and the wine trade. MICHAEL HICKS is Emeritus Professor
of Medieval History at the University of Winchester. Contributors:
Katie A. Clarke, William S. Deller, Paul Dryburgh, Christopher
Dyer, Janette Garrett, Michael Hicks, Matthew Holford, Gordon
McKelvie, Stephen Mileson, Simon Payling, Matthew Tompkins,
Jennifer Ward.
This book brings together the papers presented at the Society for
Medieval Archaeology's spring conference held in York in 2002. The
conference set out to reunite urban and rural archaeology. Papers
define the differences between town and country, compare the two
ways of life, trace the interconnecting links between townspeople
and country dwellers, and show how they interacted and influenced
one another. Contributors include archaeologists concerned with
artefacts, buildings, environment and regions, historical
geographers working on urban space, and historians interested in
material culture. This is an indispensable volume for
archaeologists and a wide readership of scholars. Among the
contributors to this volume are: Umberto Albarella (meat production
and consumption), Geoff Egan (artefacts), Kate Giles (public
buildings), Maureen Mellor (pottery), Sarah Pearson (rural and town
houses) and Terry Slater (town plans).
Provides for a new interpretation of the agrarian economy in late
Tudor and early modern Britain. This volume revisits a classic book
by a famous historian: R.H. Tawney's Agrarian Problem in the
Sixteenth Century (1912). Tawney's Agrarian Problem surveyed
landlord-tenant relations in England between 1440 and 1660, the
period of emergent capitalism and rapidly changing property
relations that stands between the end of serfdom and the more
firmly capitalist system of the eighteenth century. This transition
period is widely recognised as crucial to Britain's long term
economic development, laying the foundation for the Industrial
Revolution of the eighteenth century. Remarkably, Tawney's book has
remained the standard text on landlord-tenant relations for over a
century. Here, Tawney's book is re-evaluated by leading experts in
agrarian and legal history, taking its themes as a departure point
to provide for a new interpretation of the agrarian economy in late
Tudor and early modern Britain. The introduction looks at how
Tawney's Agrarian Problem was written, its place in the
historiography of agrarian England and the current state of
research. Survey chapters examine the late medieval period, a
comparison with Scotland, and Tawney's conception of capitalism,
whilst the remaining chapters focus on four issues that were
central to Tawney's arguments: enclosure disputes, the security of
customary tenure; the conversion of customarytenure to leasehold;
and other landlord strategies to raise revenues. The balance of
power between landlords and tenants determined how the wealth of
agrarian England was divided in this crucial period of economic
development - this book reveals how this struggle was played out.
JANE WHITTLE is professor of rural history at Exeter University.
Contributors: Christopher Brooks, Christopher Dyer, Heather Falvey,
Harold Garrett-Goodyear, Julian Goodare, Elizabeth Griffiths,
Jennifer Holt, Briony McDonagh, Jean Morrin, David Ormrod, William
D. Shannon, Jane Whittle, Andy Wood. Foreword by Keith Wrightson
Numerous aspects of the medieval economy are covered in this new
collection of essays, from business fraud and changes in wages to
the production of luxury goods. Long dominated by theories of
causation involving class conflict and Malthusian crisis, the field
of medieval economic history has been transformed in recent years
by a better understanding of the process of commercialisation.
Inrecognition of the important work in this area by Richard
Britnell, this volume of essays brings together studies by
historians from both sides of the Atlantic on fundamental aspects
of the medieval commercial economy. From examinations of high
wages, minimum wages and unemployment, through to innovative
studies of consumption and supply, business fraud, economic
regulation, small towns, the use of charters, and the role of
shipmasters and peasants as entrepreneurs, this collection is
essential reading for the student of the medieval economy.
Contributors: John Hatcher, John Langdon, Derek Keene, John S. Lee,
James Davis, Mark Bailey, Christine M. Newman, Peter L. Larson,
Maryanne Kowaleski, Martha Carlin, James Masschaele, Christopher
Dyer
This series [pushes] the boundaries of knowledge and [develops] new
trends in approach and understanding. ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW Of
necessity, historians of the late Middle Ages have to rely on an
eclectic mix of sources, ranging from the few remaining medieval
buildings, monuments, illuminated manuscripts and miscellaneous
artefacts, to a substantial but often uncatalogued body of
documentary material, much of it born of the medieval
administrator's penchant for record keeping. Exploring this
evidence requires skills in lateral thinking and interpretation -
qualities which are manifested in this volume. Employing the
copious legal records kept by the English Crown, one essay reveals
the thinking behind exceptions to pardons sold by successive kings,
while another, using clerical taxation returns, adds colour to
contemporary criticism of friars for betraying their vows of
poverty. Case studies of the registers of two hospitals, one in
London the other in Canterbury, lead to insights into the relations
of their administrators with civic and spiritual authorities. A
textual dissection of the epilogues in William Caxton's early
printed works focuses on the universal desire for commemoration.
Other essays about royal livery collars and the English coinage are
nourished by material remains, and where contemporary records fail
to survive, as in the listing of burials in parish churches, notes
kept by sixteenth-century heralds and antiquaries provide clues for
novel identifications. The book-ends are exemplars of the
historian's craft: the one, taking as its starting point the will
of Ralph, Lord Cromwell, explores in forensic detail how his
executors coped with their enormous task in a time of civil war;
the other,by examining research into the economy of
fifteenth-century England undertaken since the 1880s, provides an
over-view which scholars of the period will find invaluable.
Contributors: Martin Allen, Christopher Dyer, David Harry, Susanne
Jenks, Maureen Jurkowski, Simon Payling, Euan Roger, Christian
Steer, Sheila Sweetinburgh, Matthew Ward.
Eight studies of aspects of C15 England, united by a common focus
on the role of ideas in political developments of the time. The
concept of "political culture" has become very fashionable in the
last thirty years, but only recently has it been consciously taken
up by practitioners of late-medieval English history, who have
argued for the need to acknowledge the role of ideas in politics.
While this work has focused on elite political culture, interest in
the subject has been growing among historians of towns and
villages, especially as they have begun to recognise the importance
of both internal politics and national government in the affairs of
townsmen and peasants. This volume, the product of a conference on
political culture in the late middle ages, explores the subject
from a variety of perspectives and in a variety of spheres. It is
hoped that it will put the subject firmly on the map for the study
of late-medieval England and lead to further exploration of
political culture in this period. Contributors CAROLINE BARRON,
ALAN CROMARTIE, CHRISTOPHER DYER, MAURICE KEEN, MIRI RUBIN,
BENJAMIN THOMPSON, JOHN WATTS, JENNY WORMALD. LINDA CLARK is
editor, History of Parliament; CHRISTINE CARPENTER is Reader in
History, University ofCambridge.
The Archaeology of the 11th Century addresses many key questions
surrounding this formative period of English history and considers
conditions before 1066 and how these changed. The impact of the
Conquest of England by the Normans is the central focus of the
book, which not only assesses the destruction and upheaval caused
by the invading forces, but also examines how the Normans
contributed to local culture, religion, and society. The volume
explores a range of topics including food culture, funerary
practices, the development of castles and their impact, and how
both urban and rural life evolved during the 11th century. Through
its nuanced approach to the complex relationships and regional
identities which characterised the period, this collection
stimulates renewed debate and challenges some of the long-standing
myths surrounding the Conquest. Presenting new discoveries and
fresh ideas in a readable style with numerous illustrations, this
interdisciplinary book is an invaluable resource for those
interested in the archaeology, history, geography, art, and
literature of the 11th century.
Joan Thirsk was the leading English agrarian historian of the late
20th century. Perhaps best known for her research into regional
farming, she also wrote much about rural industry, changing tastes
and fashions, and innovations in the rural economy. This book is
based on a conference held in her honor (following her death in
2013) that was intended not to look back but rather to identify
Joan Thirsk's relevance for historians now, and to present new work
that has been influenced and inspired by her.
Attitudes towards `labour', in the wake of the Black Death, shown
to range from early protest literature to repressive
authoritarianism. At the very moment that the image of the honest
labourer seemed to reach its apogee in the Luttrell Psalter or, a
few decades later, in Piers Plowman, the dominant culture of the
landed interests was increasingly suspiciousof what it described as
the idleness, greed and arrogance of the lower orders. Labour was
one of the central issues during the fourteenth century: the
natural disasters and profound social changes of the period created
not merelya "problem" of labour, but also new ways of discussing
and (supposedly) solving that problem. These studies engage with
the contrasting and often competing discourses which emerged,
ranging from the critical social awareness of some of the early
fourteenth-century protest literature to the repressive
authoritarianism of the new national employment laws that were
enforced in the wake of the Black Death, and were expressed in
counter-cultures of resistanceand dissent. JAMES BOTHWELL and
P.J.P. GOLDBERG lecture in history, and W.M. ORMROD is Professor of
History, at the University of York. Contributors: CORDELIA BEATTIE,
CHRISTOPHER DYER, RICHARD K. EMMERSON,P.J.P. GOLDBERG, KATE GILES,
CHRIS GIVEN-WILSON, STEPHEN KNIGHT, DEREK PEARSALL, SARAH REES
JONES.
First full analysis of the rich records surviving from medieval
English town courts. Town courts were the principal institution
responsible for the delivery of justice and urban administration
within medieval towns. Their records survive in large quantities in
archives across England, and they provide an unparalleled insight
into the lives and work of thousands of men and women who lived in
these towns. The court rolls tell us much about the practice of law
at the local level within towns, as well as yielding a broad range
of perspectiveson the economy, society and administration of towns.
This volume is the first collection dedicated to the analysis of
town courts and their records. Through a wide range of approaches,
it offers new interpretations of the role that these courts played.
It also demonstrates the wide range of uses to which court records
can be put to in order to more fully understand medieval urban
society. The volume draws on the records of a considerable number
of towns and their courts across England, including London, York,
Norwich, Lincoln, Nottingham, Lynn, Chester, Bromsgrove and
Shipston-on-Stour. RICHARD GODDARD is Associate Professor in the
Department of History at the University of Nottingham; TERESA
PHIPPS is Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of History at
Swansea University. Contributors: Christopher Dyer, Richard
Goddard, Jeremy Goldberg, Alan Kissane, Maryanne Kowaleski,
JaneLaughton, Esther Liberman Cuenca, Susan Maddock, Teresa Phipps,
Samantha Sagui
Essays offering a guide to a vital source for our knowledge of
medieval England. The Inquisitions Post Mortem (IPMs) at the
National Archives have been described as the single most important
source for the study of landed society in later medieval England.
Inquisitions were local enquiries into the lands heldby people of
some status, in order to discover whatever income and rights were
due to the crown on their death, and provide details both of the
lands themselves and whoever held them. This book explores in
detail for the first time the potential of IPMs as sources for
economic, social and political history over the long fifteenth
century, the period covered by this Companion. It looks at how they
were made, how they were used, and their "accuracy",and develops
our understanding of a source that is too often taken for granted;
it answers questions such as what they sought to do, how they were
compiled, and how reliable they are, while also exploring how they
can best be usedfor economic, demographic, place-name, estate and
other kinds of study. Michael Hicks is Professor of Medieval
History, University of Winchester. Contributors: Michael Hicks,
Christine Carpenter, Kate Parkin, Christopher Dyer, Matthew
Holford, Margaret Yates, L.R. Poos, J. Oeppen, R.M. Smith, Sean
Cunningham, Claire Noble, Matthew Holford, Oliver Padel.
A striking and famous feature of the English landscape, Dartmoor is
a beautiful place, with a sense of wildness and mystery. This book
provides a new perspective on an important aspect of Dartmoor's
past. Its focus is transhumance: the seasonal transfer of grazing
animals to different pastures. In the Middle Ages, intensive
practical use was made of Dartmoor's resources. Its extensive
moorlands provided summer pasture for thousands of cattle from the
Devon lowlands, which flowed in a seasonal tide, up in the spring
and down in the autumn. This book describes, for the first time,
the social organisation and farming practices associated with this
annual transfer of livestock. It also presents evidence for a
previously unsuspected Anglo-Saxon pattern of transhumance in which
lowland farmers spent the summers living with their cattle on the
moor. Winner of the Devon Book of the Year Award 2013.
A striking and famous feature of the English landscape, Dartmoor is
a beautiful place, with a sense of wildness and mystery. This book
provides a new perspective on an important aspect of Dartmoor's
past. Its focus is transhumance: the seasonal transfer of grazing
animals to different pastures. In the Middle Ages, intensive
practical use was made of Dartmoor's resources. Its extensive
moorlands provided summer pasture for thousands of cattle from the
Devon lowlands, which flowed in a seasonal tide, up in the spring
and down in the autumn. This book describes, for the first time,
the social organisation and farming practices associated with this
annual transfer of livestock. It also presents evidence for a
previously unsuspected Anglo-Saxon pattern of transhumance in which
lowland farmers spent the summers living with their cattle on the
moor. Winner of the Devon Book of the Year Award 2013.
Between 1200 and 1520 medieval English society went through a
series of upheavals--wars, pestilence, and rebellion. This book
looks at aristocrats, peasants, townsmen, wage-earners, and
paupers, and examines how they obtained and spent their incomes.
Did the aristocracy practice conspicuous consumption? Did the
peasants really starve? The book focuses on the varying fortunes of
different social groups in the inflation of the thirteenth century,
the crises of the fourteenth, and the apparent depression of the
fifteenth. Dr. Dyer explains the changes in terms of the dynamics
of a social and economic system subjected to stimuli and stresses.
'Rodney Hilton is now generally recognised as the greatest authority on these topics in the English-speaking world.' - Guardian
'A most welcome contribution, illuminating a great deal of European history as well as setting the English revolt of 1381 in a wider context than is usual.' - Michel Prestwich, Times Higher Education Supplement
'This is a learned and welcome book. Professor Hilton approaches an old subject with a fresh eye and mind.' - Times Literary Supplement
Dramatic social and economic change during the middle ages altered
the lives of the people of Britain in far-reaching ways, from the
structure of their families to the ways they made their livings. In
this masterly book, preeminent medieval historian Christopher Dyer
presents a fresh view of the British economy from the ninth to the
sixteenth century and a vivid new account of medieval life. He
begins his volume with the formation of towns and villages in the
ninth and tenth centuries and ends with the inflation, population
rise, and colonial expansion of the sixteenth century. This is a
book about ideas and attitudes as well as the material world, and
Dyer shows how people regarded the economy and responded to
economic change. He examines the growth of towns, the clearing of
lands, the Great Famine, the Black Death, and the upheavals of the
fifteenth century through the eyes of those who experienced them.
He also explores the dilemmas and decisions of those who were
making a living in a changing world-from peasants, artisans, and
wage earners to barons and monks. Drawing on archaeological and
landscape evidence along with more conventional archives and
records, the author offers here an engaging survey of British
medieval economic history unrivaled in breadth and clarity.
This volume of essays in honour of Professor R. H. Hilton is
presented by some of his numerous friends and pupils. It attempts
to reflect his wide-ranging interests while highlighting certain
themes and preserving some distinct degree of unity. The essays
illustrate his abiding concern with the social structure, the rural
economy and the mentalite of the Middle Ages. They also indicate
that his interests have have always been pursued with the use of
the widest possible range of sources so that archaeological and
literary evidence are employed, as in his own work, alongside the
sources more usually familiar to social historians. This book will
be of permanent interest to all historians and particularly those
specialising in social and economic history.
Lords and Peasants in a Changing Society is a history of the large
Church estate of Worcester from its foundation until the
Reformation, and is a full-length study of an estate centred in the
West Midlands. The medieval bishops of Worcester were landed
magnates with manors scattered over three counties, from the
outskirts of Bristol to north Worcestershire. This study uses the
plentiful records of the bishopric to define and explain long-term
social and economic changes in this section of the medieval
countryside. Attention is divided equally between the economy of
the lords and developments among the peasantry of the estate. In
dealing with the lords, consideration is given to the political and
social pressures that led to the increase and subsequent loss of
land in the estate during the early Middle Ages; the formulation of
management policies, particularly in the difficult years after the
setbacks of the fourteenth century; and the relationship between
income and expenditure.
Everyday Life in Medieval England captures the day-to-day
experience of people in the middle ages - the houses and
settlements in which they lived, the food they ate, their getting
and spending - and their social relationships. The picture that
emerges is of great variety, of constant change, of movement and of
enterprise. Many people were downtrodden and miserably poor, but
they struggled against their circumstances, resisting oppressive
authorities, to build their own way of life and to improve their
material conditions. The ordinary men and women of the middle ages
appear throughout. Everyday life in Medieval England is an
outstanding contribution to both national and local history.>
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