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37 studies of the adoption of Christianity across northern Europe
over1000 years, and the diverse reasons that drove the process. In
Europe, the cross went north and east as the centuries unrolled:
from the Dingle Peninsula to Estonia, and from the Alps to Lapland,
ranging in time from Roman Britain and Gaul in the third and fourth
centuries to the conversion of peoples in the Baltic area a
thousand years later. These episodes of conversion form the basic
narrative here. History encourages the belief that the adoption of
Christianity was somehow irresistible, but specialists show
theunderside of the process by turning the spotlight from the
missionaries, who recorded their triumphs, to the converted,
exploring their local situations and motives. What were the
reactions of the northern peoples to the Christian message? Why
would they wish to adopt it for the sake of its alliances? In what
way did they adapt the Christian ethos and infrastructure to suit
their own community? How did conversion affect the status of
farmers, of smiths, of princes and of women? Was society wholly
changed, or only in marginal matters of devotion and superstition?
These are the issues discussed here by thirty-eight experts from
across northern Europe; some answers come from astute re-readings
of the texts alone, but most are owed to a combination of history,
art history and archaeology working together. MARTIN CARVER is
Professor of Archaeology, University of York.
This book brings together new archaeological, historical and
palaeoecological approaches to the transition from the
Romano-British to medieval Celtic economy between the fourth and
ninth centuries AD, re-examining well-known sources of evidence and
introducing new material. While the emphasis is on the
Celtic-speaking areas of Britain after AD 400, the geographical and
chronological scope of the contributions is wide-ranging. The
articles include a reassessment of the end of the Romano-British
economy, suggesting that the conventional interpretation - a sudden
collapse in production in the early fifth century - is incorrect;
pollen analysis is a key approach in understanding the end of the
agricultural economy, and here, for the first time, all relevant
pollen sequences are catalogued and discussed. A fresh
investigation into imported pottery and glass and inscribed stone
monuments clarifies and understanding of these problematical
sources, while the nature of the contacts which brought imports
into Britain and Ireland is re-evaluated from new evidence which,
together with archaeological material from shipwrecks of AD 400-600
(of which a catalogue is presented here) and historical data,
indicate that Byzantine contacts with Britain are unlikely to have
been on entirely commercial grounds.
Between January 1992 and October 1997 watching briefs, evaluations
and an excavation were conducted on the route of the Wainscott
Northern Link or by-pass. This relief road was constructed over a
distance of 5km from the junction of the A2 and M2, west of the
original Medway crossing at Rochester north-east to the Four Elms
roundabout on the A228 north of Wainscott. Other than scatters of
loose finds, little archaeological material was discovered over
most of the route, but west of the Four Elms roundabout a
multi-period settlement site was excavated. About 350 separate
features and deposit sequences were examined, which may be divided
into four periods: Prehistoric; Roman; Anglo-Saxon; Medieval and
Post-medieval. The site, excavation and finds are all presented and
assessed here and each period discussed.
A history of Roman Dorchester
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