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This volume contains progress papers in atmospheric ozone research
which were presen- ted at the Ouadrennial Ozone symposium held in
Greece from 3 to 7 September, 1984. These pa- pers are grouped in
nine chapters corresponding to the nine sessions of the symposium.
The Editors proVide the following summary of the highlights for
each chapter; this summary has been prepared after consulting the
papers submitted for publication as well as session summa- ries
kindly provided by the following session chairmen: R. Bojkov, H.
DOtsch, P. Fabian, J. Hai- gh, I. Isaksen, L. Kaplan, K. KOnzi, J.
London, H. Mantis, C. Mateer, A. Matthews, G. Megie and J. Russell.
Chapter 1 entitled: Chemical -radiative -dynamical model
calculations includes results from recent developments in modeling
techniques. The chapter begins with the results from a two
-dimensional model using isentropic coordinates. With prescribed
diabatic heating rates and a judicious choice of eddy diffusion
coefficients this method can produce realistic fields of several
stratospheric species. Three dimensional model simulations come
next which demon- strate ozone transport by the stationary and
transient components of the flow and emphasize the role of wave
transport of ozone during a sudden stratospheric warming. The
problem of chemical model validation is addressed in several
different approaches.
Recent studies have demonstrated a link between ozone changes
caused by human activities and changing UV levels at the Earth's
surface, as well as a link to climate through changes in radiative
forcing and links to changes in chemical composition. This book
draws together key scientists who provide state of the art
contributions on the variable ozone layer and the interplay of
longwave and shortwave radiative interactions which link ozone, the
climate and UV issues.
Recent studies have demonstrated a link between ozone changes
caused by human activities and changing UV levels at the Earth's
surface, as well as a link to climate through changes in radiative
forcing and links to changes in chemical composition. This book
draws together key scientists who provide state of the art
contributions on the variable ozone layer and the interplay of
longwave and shortwave radiative interactions which link ozone, the
climate and UV issues.
Following the rapid developments in the UV-B measurement techniques
and the rapidly growing research in the field in the late 80's and
early 90's, we organized a large gathering of distinguished experts
in a NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Halkidiki, Greece on
October, 2-11. 1995. The Institute was organized so as to include
state of the art lectures on most aspects of solar ultraviolet
radiation and its effects. This was achieved by extended lectures
and discussions given in five sessions by 27 lecturers and a
demonstration of filed measurements and calibration techniques at
the end of the Institute. The ASI began with the sun and
fundamentals on solar radiative emissions and their variability in
time and continued with the interaction of solar Ultraviolet with
the atmosphere through the complex scattering processes and
photochemical reactions involved. Particular emphasis was given to
changes in atmospheric composition imposed by different
manifestations of the solar activity cycle. as well as on the
modelling of radiative transfer through the atmosphere and the
ocean under variable environmental conditions. Overviews on the
ozone issue. its monitoring and variability were extensively
discussed with emphasis on the observed acceleration of ozone
decline in the early 90's. This acceleration had as a consequence,
significant increases in UV-B radiation observed at a few
world-wide distributed stations.
Hellenistic Alexandria: Celebrating 24 Centuries' presents the
proceedings of a conference held at the Acropolis Museum in Athens,
on December 13-15, 2017, and includes high-level dialogues and
philosophical discussions between international experts on
Hellenistic Alexandria. The goal was to celebrate the 24 centuries
which have elapsed since its foundation and the beginning of the
Library and the Museum of Alexandria. The conference was divided
into two parts, to include in the first part archaeology, history,
philosophy, literature, art, culture and legal issues and in the
second part science, medicine, technology and environment. A total
of 28 original and peer-reviewed articles point to the importance
of the brilliantly-original ideas that emerged during the
Hellenistic age and the curious modernity of the whole atmosphere
of the time. The range of presented topics covers a variety of new
data on the foundation of Alexandria to comparison between
Ptolemaic Alexandria and Ptolemaic Greece through philosophy,
culture and drama to the forgotten revolution of science, medicine
and the prevailing climatological and geophysical conditions
throughout the Hellenistic Period. The conference and its
proceedings were co-sponsored by the arianna V. Vardinoyannis
Foundation, the Acropolis Museum, the Alexandria Center for
Hellenistic Studies at Bibliotheca Alexandrina and the
Mariolopoulos-Kanaginis Foundation for the Environmental Sciences.
The Publication also celebrates the 10th anniversary of the
Alexandria Center for Hellenistic Studies, a joint collaboration
between the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, the Vardinoyannis Foundation
and the University of Alexandria. Scholars from around the world
follow the Center's programme in various specialisations, ranging
from historyliterature- art, to archaeology and
architecture-philosophy, and science.
Alexandria is located on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, bordered
by Egypt's Western Desert and the fertile Nile Delta. For many
centuries, Alexandria was the major port city in the Eastern
Mediterranean and it has been repeatedly struck by natural
disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis and land subsidence, in
its ~2400-year history. This book focuses on the geomorphological
and archaeological evidence on the coastal zone of Alexandria,
attempting to provide a comprehensive review of its evolution,
taking into consideration long-term and short-term factors. The
book provides an extensive background on the geomorphology and
recent geoarchaeological history of Alexandria, discussing
historical maps and natural disasters. In the coastal area of
Alexandria there is numerous archaeological evidence, such as
burial sites, quarry activities and ancient building remnants, as
well as geomorphological features, all revealing a complex
evolution of the coastal zone. New evidence, such as fish tanks and
ship wrecks in order to discuss the Late Holocene evolution of the
coastal zone. Detailed illustrations and maps accompany the book
chapters providing the reader the opportunity to gain an extensive
view of Alexandria's features.
Aristotle's Meteorologica concentrates on the meteorological
aspects of Aristotle's work published as Meteorologica books A-D,
and on how they compare now with our understanding of meteorology
and climate change. In other words, how well did Aristotle fair
when he tried to explain weather 2,300 years ago when there was
only logic, eye observation, and past experience, with only
primitive instrumentation and a few personalized measurements?
While there are scientific issues behind Aristotle's writings, this
book is written for the non-specialist. The book uses simple
examples to present its case, which will be easily followed by
general readers.
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