Bachelor Thesis from the year 2006 in the subject Law - Civil / Private / Trade / Anti Trust Law / Business Law, grade: A-, New York University School of Law, course: US corporate and commercial law, 0 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: American company law traditionally offered a group of businessmen in quest of profit only two choices of business associations: a corporation or a partnership. Both forms have their advantages and disadvantages that depend upon various factors: the size of the envisaged business, its riskiness, capital requirements, need for a separation of ownership and management, liability, desired life of the venture, and transferability of share interests. The partnership has generally been used for smaller enterprises associated with less risk and capital requirements. The corporate form gives businessmen the opportunity to conduct risky business affairs with respect to potential tort liability as well as default risk without being exposed to unlimited personal liability because only the assets of the corporation can be used to satisfy claims. The benefit of limited liability came at the price of disadvantageous double taxation because, unlike a partnership, a corporation has been viewed as an independent entity and its income has consequently been taxed on the corporation's as well as the shareholders' level. This has driven smart entrepreneurs to conduct their business affairs in form of a hybrid entity, a combination of a partnership and a corporation, the limited partnership with a corporate general partner. In that form a corporation is the (sole) general partner of a limited partnership which results in limited liability for the owners and managers of this hybrid entity and the advantage of the preferential tax treatment of a partnership. Thus, this entity allows combining the benefits of a corporation and a partnership while reducing their shortcomings. The goal of this paper is to illustrate the development of

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, European Business School - International University Schloss Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, course: Seminar Retail Banking, 52 entries in the bibliography, language: English, comment: The paper aims to answer the question whether Germany is overbanked. It describes the German banking system and structure in detail and researches reasons for the weak profitability of the sector., abstract: German banks have come under pressure for their disappointing profitability. Indeed, rankings of developed nations along profitability indicators place Germany at the end of the scale. Critics attribute that situation mainly to the German banking system being overbanked and overbranched. The purpose of this paper is to analyze that notion and to examine the German market and competitive landscape of the retail banking industry. The analysis contains four sections. The first section compares profitability ratios and indicators of German banks to their peers' performances. The study produces surprising results. Despite the ostensibly high branch density, Germany's banks operate very cost efficiently. Yet it is their inability to generate sufficient income that results in the sluggish net earnings. Consequently, in the second section, the authors examine the German banking system and portray and compare its peculiarities in order to find out if the income problems are inherent to the system. More than in any other country, public banks dominate the market and, together with the cooperative banks, do not follow the economic principle of profit maximization. Moreover, the public banks have also received unjust government subsidies in the form of the maintenance and guarantee obligations. Thus, one presumes that private German banks operate in a very difficult system. The third section then takes a closer look at the market and analyzes the bank density, branch density and comp

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich BWL - Bank, Borse, Versicherung, Note: 1.1, European Business School - Internationale Universitat Schloss Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, 151 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Anmerkungen: Die Arbeit beschreibt einleitend die Entwicklung im Handel mit notleidenden Krediten in Deutschland und arbeitet in den folgenden Kapiteln die unterschiedlichen Bewertungskonzepte von notleidenden Krediten der Geschaftsbanken und Investitionsgesellschaften heraus. Im letzten Abschnitt werden die Konzepte evaluiert und die sich abzeichnende zukunftige Entwicklung vorhergesagt., Abstract: This paper explores the price gap between sellers and buyers of distressed corporate debt which impedes the development of the nascent distressed debt market in Germany. After an introductory first chapter, the second chapter lays the groundwork for the further investigation by analyzing the motivations of the two types of market participants, the commercial banks and the distressed debt investors, to trade. It continues by describing the characteristics of distressed debt investors and the investment approaches they take. The third chapter deals with the commercial banks' perspective on distressed debt and their valuation methods. It is shown that banks view corporate debt in light of its inherent risk of default and consequently value loans at par value less specific provisions. Although banks maintain vigorous rating systems to assess the probability of default and the loss given default, they have difficulties specifically valuing distressed corporate debt. Their valuation methods do not incorporate all drivers of debt value and future workout costs and are largely influenced by accounting principles and accounting policies resulting in insufficient provisions and too high price expectations. By contrast, as shown in the fourth chapter, investors view distressed corporate debt as an opportunity to restructure the company and p

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Jura - Steuerrecht, Note: 2,0, European Business School - Internationale Universitat Schloss Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, 33 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Anmerkungen: Die Arbeit stellt die Europaische Gesellschaft (Societas Europaea, SE) vor und untersucht deren Besteuerung bei Grundung und Sitzverlegung. Dabei wird die Besteuerung jeweils getrennt betrachtet fur die Verschmelzung, Grundung einer Holding-SE, Tochter-SE und einem Formwechsel. Bei der Sitzverlegung wird unterschieden in die Sitzverlegung ins Ausland und ins Inland. Generell werden sowohl nationale Steuergesetze als auch EU-Richtlinien fur die Analyse zu Rate gezogen., Abstract: Nach fast vierzigjahriger Reifezeit beschlossen die Mitgliedsstaaten der Europaischen Union am 20.12.2000 in Nizza ( Wunder von Nizza") die Einfuhrung einer supranational-europaischen Gesellschaftsform - der Europaischen Gesellschaft, genannt Societas Europaea (SE). Gemass der Praambel der Verordnung uber das Statut der Europaischen Gesellschaft (SE-VO) soll die neue Gesellschaftsform SE den Unternehmen der EU die Moglichkeit eroffnen, ihr Wirtschaftspotenzial durch Konzentrations- und Fusionsmassnahmen zu bundeln, Produktionsmassnahmen gemeinschaftsweit zu reorganisieren und damit die Wirtschaft der Gemeinschaft zu starken. Die SE ermoglicht dies vor allem durch die organisatorische Vereinfachung grenzuberschreitenden Handelns, indem der Zwang entfallt, verschiedene Tochtergesellschaften zu grunden und die Unternehmen stattdessen mit einer Geschaftsfuhrung, einem Berichtssystem und einem einheitlichen Kern an Regeln europaweit wirken konnen. Damit ist die Europaische Gesellschaft als Rechtsform fur ein europaweit agierendes Unternehmen pradestiniert. Der Erfolg der SE und deren praktische Relevanz werden in hohem Masse von ihrer steuerlichen Behandlung abhangen. Eine der grossen Schwachen der SE-VO ist, dass die Besteuerung nicht in ihr enthalt