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Earthquakes and Atmospheric Hazards contains a selection of papers
that were presented as part of the Sixth International Symposium on
Natural and Man-Made Hazards (HAZARDS-96) held in Toronto, Canada
during July, 1996. The Symposium was very timely, given the large
number of natural disasters that have occurred in various parts of
the world during the 1990s, the United Nations' International
Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). The human reaction
to these disasters has varied widely from one event to the next and
the economic and social costs have been immense with damage running
into billions of dollars. Having in everyone's mind the Northridge,
California (1994) and the Kobe, Japan (1995) earthquakes, the
volcanoes in the Philippines, the cyclones and related storm surges
in Bangladesh, and the floods in North America and Europe caused by
heavy rains, the Symposium attracted more than one hundred papers
covering various aspects of these events. The eleven papers
included in this volume deal with the scientific and management
issues of those earthquakes and atmospheric hazards that occurred
during the late 1990s, with emphasis on the preparedness aspects. A
summary report of the HAZARDS-96 Symposium and recommendations
adopted by the participants is also included. Earthquakes and
Atmospheric Hazards forms an excellent reference for scientists,
students, engineers, the insurance industry, authorities
specializing in public safety and natural hazards preparedness and
mitigation plans.
This book is an attempt to demonstrate the analytical power of the
holistic approach for understanding disasters. Six major
earthquakes in Latin America are used as an example: the general
idea is to place disasters in a broad social and regional context.
Understanding disasters is a way of understanding the social
system. The idea is to show that every major disaster is unique and
different. Statistical methods may be useful for purposes of risk
estimation but modern disasters are "systemic" and complex. In the
chapter on the 2010 Chile earthquake we discuss the tsunami and why
the system of tsunami alert did not work. The introductory chapter
contains some basics of seismology (plate tectonics) and earthquake
engineering. The 1985 Mexico earthquake describes why geology is
important. Why was Mexico City founded in a lake? Technology must
be adapted to the environment, not "imported" from possibly more
advanced but different societies. The 1970 Peru earthquake is an
example of disaster in a unique environment. Caracas 1967 takes us
on a survey of different engineering solutions. And the 1960 Chile
earthquake leads us on a retrospective survey--what has changed in
Chile between the two major Chile earthquakes? A discussion on
Charles Darwin's observations of the 1835 Chile earthquake provides
a fitting summary.
Earthquakes and Atmospheric Hazards contains a selection of papers
that were presented as part of the Sixth International Symposium on
Natural and Man-Made Hazards (HAZARDS-96) held in Toronto, Canada
during July, 1996. The Symposium was very timely, given the large
number of natural disasters that have occurred in various parts of
the world during the 1990s, the United Nations' International
Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). The human reaction
to these disasters has varied widely from one event to the next and
the economic and social costs have been immense with damage running
into billions of dollars. Having in everyone's mind the Northridge,
California (1994) and the Kobe, Japan (1995) earthquakes, the
volcanoes in the Philippines, the cyclones and related storm surges
in Bangladesh, and the floods in North America and Europe caused by
heavy rains, the Symposium attracted more than one hundred papers
covering various aspects of these events. The eleven papers
included in this volume deal with the scientific and management
issues of those earthquakes and atmospheric hazards that occurred
during the late 1990s, with emphasis on the preparedness aspects. A
summary report of the HAZARDS-96 Symposium and recommendations
adopted by the participants is also included. Earthquakes and
Atmospheric Hazards forms an excellent reference for scientists,
students, engineers, the insurance industry, authorities
specializing in public safety and natural hazards preparedness and
mitigation plans.
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