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The rise and expansion of organized scientific research has led
individuals to become accustomed to an unceasing delivery of new
scientific results and technical improvements that resolve even
seemingly unsolvable problems. This timely book examines how
science-based research and innovation is designed, implemented and
applied in developing countries in support of development and
poverty alleviation. The expert contributors trace and compare the
emergence of National Innovation Systems (NIS) in four developing
countries - Bolivia, Mozambique, Tanzania and Vietnam. Dedicated
chapters on each country identify the main structural and
organizational problems for improving the relevance and quality of
research output for the productive sector, and conclude by offering
suggestions on how the process of applying research outputs and
innovations in support of development goals can be improved.
Scholars and students of development, innovation and related
subjects will find this book to be useful with its focus on
national innovation systems. It will also be of interest to policy
advisors, decision-makers and other practitioners involved in
development issues.
The environmental imperative exerts strong pressure on polluting
industries in the industrialised countries.
Environmentally-friendly technologies are available but often at
prohibitive costs. Using evidence from the copper industry, this
book addresses the question of how polluting industries in
developing and transition economies have responded to this
challenge. Technological Change and the Environmental Imperative
considers the extent of the success of polluting industries in
becoming cost-efficient whilst acquiring less polluting
technologies, in the face of fierce competition. The authors also
discuss what has been the impact of privatisation on this process
and what lessons have been learnt. Against this backdrop, and
drawing on case material from Chile, China, Peru and Russia, the
book goes on to assess the latest technological breakthroughs, and
their possible future impact on cost efficiency and the
environment. International organisations, policymakers and industry
analysts concerned with environmental issues will find this book of
great fascination as will academics and researchers in the fields
of development studies, transition economies and environmental
studies.
This book examines the ways in which universities can play a
crucial role in inclusive development, social innovation and social
entrepreneurship. It aims to prove the importance of inclusive
development and inclusive innovation on economic growth and
demonstrate the ways in which universities can be pioneers in this
area through initiatives in social responsibility and social
innovation. For example, providing access to a university education
without discrimination of race, gender, income status, or other
factors would help to diminish the increasing income differentials
currently being experienced in many countries, especially in the
developing world. The research and studies included in this book
provide insight into possible actions that can be taken by
universities and public and private shareholders in inclusive
development, social innovation, social entrepreneurship and overall
regional economic and social development. Innovation is currently
considered to be the most important and dynamic factor explaining
growth and development. At the same time, the traditional view
considering innovation as having to be commercialized at any price
is being challenged. Lately, there has been growing interest in
innovation in the public sector, particularly with respect to
social innovations designed to reduce income inequality. To address
these concepts, constant exchange of ideas and information between
research groups became necessary. UniDev (Universities in
Development - the Evolving Role of Academic Institutions in
Innovation Systems and Development) is an international research
group with researchers in twelve countries interested in the role
of universities in development. This book features the results of
research performed by eleven research groups from UniDev country
communities, presenting in-depth and comparative case studies from
universities around the world, including Latin America, Northern
and Eastern Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa. This title will be of
interest to students, academics, researchers, and policy makers
interested in the role of universities in development, social
innovation and social entrepreneurship.
This book examines the ways in which universities can play a
crucial role in inclusive development, social innovation and social
entrepreneurship. It aims to prove the importance of inclusive
development and inclusive innovation on economic growth and
demonstrate the ways in which universities can be pioneers in this
area through initiatives in social responsibility and social
innovation. For example, providing access to a university education
without discrimination of race, gender, income status, or other
factors would help to diminish the increasing income differentials
currently being experienced in many countries, especially in the
developing world. The research and studies included in this book
provide insight into possible actions that can be taken by
universities and public and private shareholders in inclusive
development, social innovation, social entrepreneurship and overall
regional economic and social development. Innovation is currently
considered to be the most important and dynamic factor explaining
growth and development. At the same time, the traditional view
considering innovation as having to be commercialized at any price
is being challenged. Lately, there has been growing interest in
innovation in the public sector, particularly with respect to
social innovations designed to reduce income inequality. To address
these concepts, constant exchange of ideas and information between
research groups became necessary. UniDev (Universities in
Development - the Evolving Role of Academic Institutions in
Innovation Systems and Development) is an international research
group with researchers in twelve countries interested in the role
of universities in development. This book features the results of
research performed by eleven research groups from UniDev country
communities, presenting in-depth and comparative case studies from
universities around the world, including Latin America, Northern
and Eastern Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa. This title will be of
interest to students, academics, researchers, and policy makers
interested in the role of universities in development, social
innovation and social entrepreneurship.
In September 2010, the Cuban government decided to embark on an
economic reform program, unprecedented after the Revolution in
1959. This opened up opportunities for Cuban economists and
scholars to participate in the development of the reform program.
Thanks to grants from SSRC (Social Sciences Research Council, New
York) and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, several
researchers from the Cuban think tank CEEC (Center for Studies of
the Cuban Economy, Havana) got an opportunity to visit countries
that could be of interest for the reform process, notably Vietnam,
but also Brazil, South Africa and Norway. The result of these field
visits and a subsequent workshop involving contributions from Cuban
as well as non-Cuban scholars, this volume showcases unprecedented
new insights into the process and prospects for reform along many
dimensions, including foreign direct investment, import
substitution, entrepreneurship and business creation, science and
technology development, and fiscal policies. The resulting
analysis, in a comparative perspective, provides a framework for
future research as well as for business practice and policymaking.
In September 2010, the Cuban government decided to embark on an
economic reform program, unprecedented after the Revolution in
1959. This opened up opportunities for Cuban economists and
scholars to participate in the development of the reform program.
Thanks to grants from SSRC (Social Sciences Research Council, New
York) and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, several
researchers from the Cuban think tank CEEC (Center for Studies of
the Cuban Economy, Havana) got an opportunity to visit countries
that could be of interest for the reform process, notably Vietnam,
but also Brazil, South Africa and Norway.
The result of these field visits and a subsequent workshop
involving contributions from Cuban as well as non-Cuban scholars,
this volume showcases unprecedented new insightsinto the process
and prospects for reform along many dimensions, including foreign
direct investment, import substitution, entrepreneurship and
business creation, science and technology development, and fiscal
policies. The resulting analysis, in a comparative perspective,
provides a framework for future research as well as for business
practice and policymaking."
Globalization, the information age, and the rise of the
knowledge-based economy are significantly transforming the way we
acquire, disseminate, and transform knowledge. And, as a result,
knowledge production is becoming closer and more directly linked to
economic competitiveness. This evolution is also putting new and
urgent demands on academic institutions to adjust to the changing
needs of society and economy. In particular, there is growing
pressure on the institutions of higher education and research in
developed economies to find and affirm their new role in the
national innovation system. Their counterparts in developing
economies need to define their role in supporting emerging
structures of the innovation system. This book examines the role of
universities and national research institutes in social and
economic development processes. Featuring contributions that
showcase initiatives and innovations from around the world,
including China, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Scandinavia,
Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Western Europe, it offers
timely insight that will be of interest to policymakers, university
administrators, economic and social leaders, and researchers alike.
La mondialisation, l re de l information et l essor de l conomie du
savoir transforment profond ment les modalit?'s d acquisition, de
diffusion et de transformation du savoir. Il s ensuit que la
production du savoir a graduellement davantage voir avec la comp
titivit conomique et y est plus directement li e. Ce nouvel tat de
fait signifie galement que les universit?'s se sentent de plus en
plus pouss es s adapter aux besoins de la soci t et de l conomie,
qui voluent sans cesse. En particulier, des pressions croissantes s
exercent sur les tablissements d enseignement sup rieur et de
recherche des pays industrialis?'s pour qu ils d finissent et
affirment leur nouveau r le au sein du syst me national d
innovation. Les tablissements des pays en d veloppement, quant eux,
sont appel?'s d finir le r le qu ils joueront afin de soutenir les
structures mergentes du syst me d innovation. Ce livre examine le r
le des universit?'s et des instituts de recherche nationaux dans le
d veloppement conomique et social. En r unissant des textes rendant
compte d initiatives et d innovations dans diverses r gions du
monde, notamment en Chine, en Europe de l Est, en Am rique latine,
en Scandinavie, en Asie du Sud-Est, en Afrique subsaharienne et en
Europe de l Ouest, l ouvrage brosse un tableau qui est d actualit
et qui int ressera tant les responsables des politiques et les
administrateurs d universit?'s que les leaders conomiques et
sociaux et les chercheurs. Bo G ransson et Claes Brundenius sont
tous deux affili?'s au Research Policy Institute de l Universit de
Lund, en Su de. M. G ransson est professeur agr g et coordonnateur
du programme LEAP4D, et M. Brundenius est professeur honoraire.
La mondialisation, l'ere de l'information et l'essor de l'economie
du savoir transforment profondement les modalites d'acquisition, de
diffusion et de transformation du savoir. Il s'ensuit que la
production du savoir a graduellement davantage a voir avec la
competitivite economique et y est plus directement liee. Ce nouvel
etat de fait signifie egalement que les universites se sentent de
plus en plus poussees a s'adapter aux besoins de la societe et de
l'economie, qui evoluent sans cesse. En particulier, des pressions
croissantes s'exercent sur les etablissements d'enseignement
superieur et de recherche des pays industrialises pour qu'ils
definissent et affirment leur nouveau role au sein du systeme
national d'innovation. Les etablissements des pays en
developpement, quant a eux, sont appeles a definir le role qu'ils
joueront afin de soutenir les structures emergentes du systeme
d'innovation. Ce livre examine le role des universites et des
instituts de recherche nationaux dans le developpement economique
et social. En reunissant des textes rendant compte d'initiatives et
d'innovations dans diverses regions du monde, notamment en Chine,
en Europe de l'Est, en Amerique latine, en Scandinavie, en Asie du
Sud-Est, en Afrique subsaharienne et en Europe de l'Ouest,
l'ouvrage brosse un tableau qui est d'actualite et qui interessera
tant les responsables des politiques et les administrateurs
d'universites que les leaders economiques et sociaux et les
chercheurs. Bo Goeransson et Claes Brundenius sont tous deux
affilies au Research Policy Institute de l'Universite de Lund, en
Suede. M. Goeransson est professeur agrege et coordonnateur du
programme LEAP4D, et M. Brundenius est professeur honoraire.
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