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This book delves into the reasons behind and the consequences of
the implementation gap regarding the right to prior consultation
and the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) of Indigenous
Peoples in Latin America. In recent years, the economic and
political projects of Latin American States have become
increasingly dependent on the extractive industries. This has
resulted in conflicts when governments and international firms have
made considerable investments in those lands that have been
traditionally inhabited and used by Indigenous Peoples, who seek to
defend their rights against exploitative practices. After decades
of intense mobilisation, important gains have been made at
international level regarding the opportunity for Indigenous
Peoples to have a say on these matters. Notwithstanding this, the
right to prior consultation and the FPIC of Indigenous Peoples on
the ground are far from being fully applied and guaranteed. And,
even when prior consultation processes are carried out, the
outcomes remain uncertain. This volume rigorously investigates the
causes of this implementation gap and its consequences for the
protection of Indigenous Peoples' rights, lands, identities and
ways of life in the Latin American region.
This book delves into the reasons behind and the consequences of
the implementation gap regarding the right to prior consultation
and the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) of Indigenous
Peoples in Latin America. In recent years, the economic and
political projects of Latin American States have become
increasingly dependent on the extractive industries. This has
resulted in conflicts when governments and international firms have
made considerable investments in those lands that have been
traditionally inhabited and used by Indigenous Peoples, who seek to
defend their rights against exploitative practices. After decades
of intense mobilisation, important gains have been made at
international level regarding the opportunity for Indigenous
Peoples to have a say on these matters. Notwithstanding this, the
right to prior consultation and the FPIC of Indigenous Peoples on
the ground are far from being fully applied and guaranteed. And,
even when prior consultation processes are carried out, the
outcomes remain uncertain. This volume rigorously investigates the
causes of this implementation gap and its consequences for the
protection of Indigenous Peoples' rights, lands, identities and
ways of life in the Latin American region.
Emergency Politics in the Third Wave of Democracy aims to make an
important contribution to the study of emergency politics by
offering an up-to-date study of how it works in practice.
Specifically, it studies the uses given to the "regime of
exception" mechanism in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru in the first
decade of the 21st century and analyzes potential incompatibilities
with the two pillars of democratic governability: efficiency and
legitimacy. This book offers a thorough review of existing
literature on emergency politics, offering conceptual
clarification, identifying three types or paradigms of emergency
politics (repressive, administrative, and disaster) and pointing to
regimes of exception as a useful route to their study. It also
provides an overview of emergency politics in Latin America
throughout history, pointing to the predominance of regimes of
exception and the repressive paradigm. The book describes the
continuity of the repressive paradigm in Peruvian emergency
politics to deal with both social protest and the apparent threat
of organized crime and terrorism, as well as how Bolivia has
shifted from a repressive to a disaster paradigm in the face of
pressure to deal with climate change. It also analyzes the
predominance of an administrative paradigm in Ecuadorian emergency
politics in the context of weak institutions and difficulties in
implementing policy as well as a populist style of leadership.
Ultimately, the book offers some "best practices" in relation to
the design and use of regimes of exception in democratic contexts.
Other studies on emergency politics tend to focus on legal or
formal issues in the context of the United States War on Terror.
This study is decidedly political and empirical in focus, offering
analysis and interpretation as a result of intensive fieldwork
carried out by the author in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Consequently, this volume offers important contributions to our
understanding of emergency politics in general (with evidence from
the periphery) as well as to our understanding of democratization
processes in the Third Wave.
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