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The Quaternary comprises a brief time in the Earth's history, and
apart from a few exceptions, molluscan assemblages recovered from
exposures along the coast of Southwestern South America (Southern
Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina) are essentially the same than those
that inhabit the region today, leading to the assumption that no
important change in the distribution of the faunas since
Pleistocene times has occurred. However, the good taxonomic and
temporal resolution reached in the last years, allowed us to detect
some biogeographic changes, although traditional biogeographic
units remain the same (i.e. Magellanic and Argentinean Provinces).
These modifications involve mainly variations in the taxonomic
composition of the assemblages and in the southern boundaries of
some species distributions (extralimital species), today retracted
northwards. These changes are related to southward shifts of the
warm waters of the Brazilian Current, correlated with global warm
peaks. This phenomenon was more intense in the Late Pleistocene
(MIS 5e) and in the Holocene between ca. 6500-3500 14C yr.
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