This volume critically examines gender inequality, its origins, and its social and economic implications in Latin America, with a particular focus on Ecuador. For that purpose, Pablo Quinonez and Claudia Maldonado-Erazo bring together a collection of articles that provide insights from different disciplines, including political economy, history, development studies, political science, microeconomics, and macroeconomics. In Ecuador, as in Latin America as a whole, women dedicate more time than men to unpaid activities while being discriminated against in multiple areas, including labor markets, politics, and access to high-ranking positions. These problems are even more acutely experienced by women from rural areas and ethnic minorities. This essential inquiry aims to better understand how and why. Contributors include: Rafael Alvarado, Maria Anchundia Places, Esteban Arevalo, Diana Cabrera Montece, Edwin Espinoza Piguave, Gabriela Gallardo, Danny Granda, Claudia Maldonado-Erazo, Wendy Mora, Diana Moran Chiquito, Sayonara Morejon, Carlos Moreno-Hurtado, Maria Moreno Zea, Ana Ona Macias, Pablo Ponce, Pablo Quinonez, Valeria Recalde, Josefina Rosales, Ximena Songor-Jaramillo, and Daniel Zea.