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Among medieval Christian societies, Byzantium is unique in
preserving an ecclesiastical ritual of adelphopoiesis that
pronounces two men as brothers. It has its origin as a spiritual
blessing in the monastic world of late antiquity, and it becomes a
popular social networking strategy among lay people from the ninth
century onwards, even finding application in recent times. Located
at the intersection of religious and social history, brother-making
exemplifies how social practice can become ritualized and
subsequently subjected to attempts of ecclesiastical and legal
control. Wide-ranging in its use of sources, from a complete census
of the manuscripts containing the ritual of adelphopoiesis to the
literature and archaeology of early monasticism, and from the works
of hagiographers, historiographers, and legal experts in Byzantium
to comparative material in the Latin West and the Slavic world,
this book is the first exhaustive treatment of the phenomenon.
Between 300 and 600, Christianity experienced a momentous change
from persecuted cult to state religion. One of the consequences of
this shift was the evolution of the role of the bishopOCoas the
highest Church official in his cityOCofrom model Christian to model
citizen. Claudia Rapp's exceptionally learned, innovative, and
groundbreaking work traces this transition with a twofold aim: to
deemphasize the reign of the emperor Constantine, which has
traditionally been regarded as a watershed in the development of
the Church as an institution, and to bring to the fore the
continued importance of the religious underpinnings of the bishop's
role as civic leader. Rapp rejects Max WeberOCOs categories of
charismatic versus institutional authority that have traditionally
been used to distinguish the nature of episcopal authority from
that of the ascetic and holy man. Instead she proposes a model of
spiritual authority, ascetic authority and pragmatic authority, in
which a bishopOCOs visible asceticism is taken as evidence of his
spiritual powers and at the same time provides the justification
for his public role. In clear and graceful prose, Rapp provides a
wholly fresh analysis of the changing dynamics of social mobility
as played out in episcopal appointments."
Byzantium is more and more recognized as a vibrant culture in
dialogue with neighbouring regions, political entities, and
peoples. Where better to look for this kind of dynamism than in the
interactions between the Byzantines and the Armenians? Warfare and
diplomacy are only one part of that story. The more enduring part
consists of contact and mutual influence brokered by individuals
who were conversant in both cultures and languages. The articles in
this volume feature fresh work by younger and established scholars
that illustrate the varieties of interaction in the fields of
literature, material culture, and religion. Contributors are: Gert
Boersema, Emilio Bonfiglio, Bernard Coulie, Karen Hamada, Robin
Meyer, Johannes Preiser-Kapeller, Claudia Rapp, Mark Roosien,
Werner Seibt, Emmanuel Van Elverdinghe, Theo Maarten van Lint,
Alexandra-Kyriaki Wassiliou-Seibt, and David Zakarian.
What do you believe in? And what are you willing to sacrifice for
it? Finally, the true motives of the brotherhood are revealed, and
now its clear that far more is at stake than Elizabeth and her
friends realised: its Daniels soul the brotherhood is after All by
herself, Elizabeth has to make a decision, and its not just her own
fate that hangs in the balance. But can she win the race against
time without the help of her friends? *Book 3 of the
GHOSTBOUND-Series*
Who can you trust? Finally, Elizabeth and her friends have a hot
lead. It appears that a secret brotherhood is responsible for the
murders, and its roots hark back to a long-forgotten Indian cult.
But it seems they are after Elizabeth now as well, because this
invisible society is powerful and will do anything to keep their
secret hidden. As if this isn't enough trouble, Daniel is being
called to the other side at every sunrise, and the ghost can only
stay in this world if Elizabeth is there to anchor him to it. But
then Elizabeth is kidnapped, and relentlessly the new day dawns...
*Book 2 of the GHOSTBOUND-Series*
This volume examines the evolving role of the city and citizenship
from classical Athens through fifth-century Rome and medieval
Byzantium. Beginning in the first century CE, the universal claims
of Hellenistic and Roman imperialism began to be challenged by the
growing role of Christianity in shaping the primary allegiances and
identities of citizens. An international team of scholars considers
the extent of urban transformation, and with it, of cultural and
civic identity, as practices and institutions associated with the
city-state came to be replaced by those of the Christian community.
The twelve essays gathered here develop an innovative research
agenda by asking new questions: What was the effect on political
ideology and civic identity of the transition from the city culture
of the ancient world to the ruralized systems of the middle ages?
How did perceptions of empire and oikoumene respond to changed
political circumstances? How did Christianity redefine the context
of citizenship?
Between 300 and 600, Christianity experienced a momentous change
from persecuted cult to state religion. One of the consequences of
this shift was the evolution of the role of the bishop - as the
highest Church official in his city - from model Christian to model
citizen. Claudia Rapp's exceptionally learned, innovative, and
groundbreaking work traces this transition with a twofold aim: to
deemphasize the reign of the emperor Constantine, which has
traditionally been regarded as a watershed in the development of
the Church as an institution, and to bring to the fore the
continued importance of the religious underpinnings of the bishop's
role as civic leader. Rapp rejects Max Weber's categories of
'charismatic' versus 'institutional' authority that have
traditionally been used to distinguish the nature of episcopal
authority from that of the ascetic and holy man. Instead she
proposes a model of spiritual authority, ascetic authority and
pragmatic authority, in which a bishop's visible asceticism is
taken as evidence of his spiritual powers and at the same time
provides the justification for his public role. In clear and
graceful prose, Rapp provides a wholly fresh analysis of the
changing dynamics of social mobility as played out in episcopal
appointments.
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