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Bir Umm Fawakhir is a fifth-sixth century AD Coptic/Byzantine
gold-mining town located in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt.
The Bir Umm Fawakhir Project of the Oriental Institute of the
University of Chicago carried out four seasons of archaeological
survey at the site, in 1992, 1993, 1996, and 1997; one season of
excavation in 1999; and one study season in 2001. This volume is
the final report on the 1996 and 1997 seasons. The goals of the
1996 and 1997 field seasons were to complete the detailed map of
the main settlement, to continue the investigation of the outlying
clusters of ruins or "Outliers" and to address some specific
questions such as the ancient gold-extraction process. The
completion of these goals makes the main settlement at Bir Umm
Fawakhir one of the only completely mapped towns of the period in
Egypt. Not only is the main settlement plotted room for room and
door for door but also features such as guardposts, cemeteries,
paths, roads, wells, outlying clusters of ruins and mines are known
and some of these are features not always readily detectable
archaeologically. This volume presents the pre-Coptic material; a
detailed discussion of the remains in the main settlement, outliers
and cemeteries; the Coptic/Byzantine pottery, small finds and
dipinti; as well as a study of ancient mining techniques.
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