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This report focuses on a technique -- earned value management (EVM)
-- for overseeing the cost, schedule, and performance of major
capital investments during the investment process (e.g.,
information technology systems, structures, weapons systems). EVM
provides metrics to help inform assessments of whether capital
investments are "on track" from three perspectives: the
investment's planned cost, time schedule, and functionality.
Variance from a project's planned cost, schedule, and functionality
might occur due to the inherent complexity and uncertainty of a
project, poor planning or implementation, or, sometimes, simply bad
luck. Although EVM attempts to address several significant
monitoring and evaluation issues, other evaluation techniques are
typically necessary in order to understand why variance from the
planned cost, schedule, or functionality might be occurring. In
addition, other evaluation methods are typically more useful in
assessing other significant questions, such as whether a project is
worth undertaking (or continuing) and, after the investment process
is completed, whether an investment might be having an impact on
achievement of an agency's mission or the success of a public
policy, compared with what would have happened without the
investment. EVM may be of increasing salience in executive branch
practices and, implicitly or explicitly, in presentations to ...
In the 111th Congress, Members have introduced several proposals to
establish a commission that would make potentially far-reaching
recommendations on how to address the federal government's
long-term fiscal situation. Generally speaking, the measures would
include Members of Congress as some or most of a commission's
membership, provide for a majority of commission members to be
appointed by congressional leaders, have varying degrees of
partisan balance in membership, and require supermajority votes of
commission members to approve recommendations. Each of the bills
also would provide special legislative procedures to encourage
expedited consideration of a commission's recommendations. This
report provides a comparative analysis of four fiscal commission
proposals introduced in the 111th Congress that would address some,
or all, aspects of the federal government's long-term fiscal
situation. The four proposals are S. 2853 (the Bipartisan Task
Force for Responsible Fiscal Action Act of 2009, sponsored by
Senator Kent Conrad ); S. 1056 (the SAFE Commission Act, sponsored
by Senator George Voinovich); H.R. 1557 (the SAFE Commission Act,
sponsored by Representative Jim Cooper); and S. 276 (the Social
Security and Medicare Solvency Commission Act, sponsored by Senator
Dianne Feinstein). The report also discusses potential issues for
Congress that may inform assessments whether the ...
Program evaluations can play an important role in public policy
debates and in oversight of government programs, potentially
affecting decisions about program design, operation, and funding.
One technique that has received significant recent attention is the
randomised controlled trial (RCT). There are also many other types
of evaluation, including the observational and qualitative designs.
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