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Ecotoxiclogical risk from multiple stressors covers any situation
where org- isms are exposed to a combination of environmental
stressors. These include physical and chemical pollutants as well
as other stressors such as parasites and environmental impact (e.
g. , climate change or habitat loss). The combi- tion of stressors
can result in increased risk to organisms (either additive or
synergistic effects) or decreased effects (protective or
antagonistic effects). The multiple stressor challenge is an
international, multi-disciplinary problem requiring an
international, multi-disciplinary approach. The c- rent approach to
multiple stressors is to examine one stressor at a time and assume
additivity. Little work has been done on combinations of stressors
such that potential interactions can be determined. The problem is
very complex. Multiple stressors pose a whole spectrum of
challenges that range from basic science to regulation, policy and
gove- ance. The challenges raise fundamental questions about our
understanding of the basic biological response to stressors, as
well as the implications of those uncertainties in environmental
risk assessment and management. In addition to the great breadth,
there is also great depth in the research ch- lenges, largely due
to the complexity of the issues. From a basic science point of
view, many of the mechanisms and processes under investigation are
at the cutting edge of science - involving new paradigms such as
genomic ins- bility and bystander effects.
Ecotoxiclogical risk from multiple stressors covers any situation
where org- isms are exposed to a combination of environmental
stressors. These include physical and chemical pollutants as well
as other stressors such as parasites and environmental impact (e.
g. , climate change or habitat loss). The combi- tion of stressors
can result in increased risk to organisms (either additive or
synergistic effects) or decreased effects (protective or
antagonistic effects). The multiple stressor challenge is an
international, multi-disciplinary problem requiring an
international, multi-disciplinary approach. The c- rent approach to
multiple stressors is to examine one stressor at a time and assume
additivity. Little work has been done on combinations of stressors
such that potential interactions can be determined. The problem is
very complex. Multiple stressors pose a whole spectrum of
challenges that range from basic science to regulation, policy and
gove- ance. The challenges raise fundamental questions about our
understanding of the basic biological response to stressors, as
well as the implications of those uncertainties in environmental
risk assessment and management. In addition to the great breadth,
there is also great depth in the research ch- lenges, largely due
to the complexity of the issues. From a basic science point of
view, many of the mechanisms and processes under investigation are
at the cutting edge of science - involving new paradigms such as
genomic ins- bility and bystander effects.
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