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Columella (Lucius Iunius Moderatus) of Gades (Cadiz) lived in the
reigns of the first emperors to about 70 CE. He moved early in life
to Italy where he owned farms and lived near Rome. It is probable
that he did military service in Syria and Cilicia and that he died
at Tarentum.
Columella's "On Agriculture" ("De Re Rustica") is the most
comprehensive, systematic and detailed of Roman agricultural works.
Book I covers choice of farming site; water supply; buildings;
staff. II: Ploughing; fertilising; care of crops. III, IV, V:
Cultivation, grafting and pruning of fruit trees, vines, and
olives. VI: Acquisition, breeding, and rearing of oxen, horses, and
mules; veterinary medicine. VII: Sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs.
VIII: Poultry; fish ponds. IX: Bee-keeping. X (in hexameter
poetry): Gardening. XI: Duties of the overseer of a farm; calendar
for farm work; more on gardening. XII: Duties of the overseer's
wife; manufacture of wines; pickling; preserving. There is also a
separate treatise, "Trees" ("De Arboribus"), on vines and olives
and various trees, perhaps part of an otherwise lost work written
before "On Agriculture."
The Loeb Classical Library edition of Columella is in three
volumes.
Columella (Lucius Iunius Moderatus) of Gades (Cadiz) lived in the
reigns of the first emperors to about 70 CE. He moved early in life
to Italy where he owned farms and lived near Rome. It is probable
that he did military service in Syria and Cilicia and that he died
at Tarentum.
Columella's "On Agriculture" ("De Re Rustica") is the most
comprehensive, systematic and detailed of Roman agricultural works.
Book I covers choice of farming site; water supply; buildings;
staff. II: Ploughing; fertilising; care of crops. III, IV, V:
Cultivation, grafting and pruning of fruit trees, vines, and
olives. VI: Acquisition, breeding, and rearing of oxen, horses, and
mules; veterinary medicine. VII: Sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs.
VIII: Poultry; fish ponds. IX: Bee-keeping. X (in hexameter
poetry): Gardening. XI: Duties of the overseer of a farm; calendar
for farm work; more on gardening. XII: Duties of the overseer's
wife; manufacture of wines; pickling; preserving. There is also a
separate treatise, "Trees" ("De Arboribus"), on vines and olives
and various trees, perhaps part of an otherwise lost work written
before "On Agriculture."
The Loeb Classical Library edition of Columella is in three
volumes.
Though written for ranchers interested in beginning farming, even
lifelong farmers will gain benefit from understanding this profound
new system of agriculture. This book on farming presents an
original system of Aaron Brachfeld, who, in advancing the combined
efforts of Marcus Varro, Lucius Columella, Jethro Tull, George
Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Masanobu Fukuoka, explains not
only the science behind farming crops and animals, but provides
instruction on how to implement that understanding for the greatest
profit... ...And suggests a sublime implication that farming is not
only as an industry, but a way of life, and the very best means for
ecological management. This book covers all subjects related to
roots, soil, composting, vermaculture, fertility without
fertilizers, plant nutrition, fertilizers, leaves, feedlots,
flowers, ecology, IPM, tillage, atmospheric condensation of water,
erosion, water purification, hoeing, planting, harvesting,
establishing a system of aisles/beds/rows, beneficial weeds,
noxious weeds, annual systems, biennial systems, perennial systems,
vineyard systems, arboreal systems, haying and pasture systems,
specialty crops, commodity crops, stockyarding, land reclamation,
converting pasture to farmland, blight, smut, production economics,
labor management, marketing, sales, distribution, trucking and all
other subjects required to begin or manage a farm...together with a
detailed review of the tools required to do so. These subjects are
presented in context to the history of agriculture and an economic
and practical comparison to conventional methods with clear,
concise directions on how to integrate the various systems if
desired.
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