Columella (Lucius Iunius Moderatus) of Gades (Cadiz) lived in the reigns of the first emperors to about 70 CE. He moved early in life to Italy where he owned farms and lived near Rome. It is probable that he did military service in Syria and Cilicia and that he died at Tarentum.

Columella's "On Agriculture" ("De Re Rustica") is the most comprehensive, systematic and detailed of Roman agricultural works. Book I covers choice of farming site; water supply; buildings; staff. II: Ploughing; fertilising; care of crops. III, IV, V: Cultivation, grafting and pruning of fruit trees, vines, and olives. VI: Acquisition, breeding, and rearing of oxen, horses, and mules; veterinary medicine. VII: Sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs. VIII: Poultry; fish ponds. IX: Bee-keeping. X (in hexameter poetry): Gardening. XI: Duties of the overseer of a farm; calendar for farm work; more on gardening. XII: Duties of the overseer's wife; manufacture of wines; pickling; preserving. There is also a separate treatise, "Trees" ("De Arboribus"), on vines and olives and various trees, perhaps part of an otherwise lost work written before "On Agriculture."

The Loeb Classical Library edition of Columella is in three volumes.

Columella (Lucius Iunius Moderatus) of Gades (Cadiz) lived in the reigns of the first emperors to about 70 CE. He moved early in life to Italy where he owned farms and lived near Rome. It is probable that he did military service in Syria and Cilicia and that he died at Tarentum.

Columella's "On Agriculture" ("De Re Rustica") is the most comprehensive, systematic and detailed of Roman agricultural works. Book I covers choice of farming site; water supply; buildings; staff. II: Ploughing; fertilising; care of crops. III, IV, V: Cultivation, grafting and pruning of fruit trees, vines, and olives. VI: Acquisition, breeding, and rearing of oxen, horses, and mules; veterinary medicine. VII: Sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs. VIII: Poultry; fish ponds. IX: Bee-keeping. X (in hexameter poetry): Gardening. XI: Duties of the overseer of a farm; calendar for farm work; more on gardening. XII: Duties of the overseer's wife; manufacture of wines; pickling; preserving. There is also a separate treatise, "Trees" ("De Arboribus"), on vines and olives and various trees, perhaps part of an otherwise lost work written before "On Agriculture."

The Loeb Classical Library edition of Columella is in three volumes.

Though written for ranchers interested in beginning farming, even lifelong farmers will gain benefit from understanding this profound new system of agriculture. This book on farming presents an original system of Aaron Brachfeld, who, in advancing the combined efforts of Marcus Varro, Lucius Columella, Jethro Tull, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Masanobu Fukuoka, explains not only the science behind farming crops and animals, but provides instruction on how to implement that understanding for the greatest profit... ...And suggests a sublime implication that farming is not only as an industry, but a way of life, and the very best means for ecological management. This book covers all subjects related to roots, soil, composting, vermaculture, fertility without fertilizers, plant nutrition, fertilizers, leaves, feedlots, flowers, ecology, IPM, tillage, atmospheric condensation of water, erosion, water purification, hoeing, planting, harvesting, establishing a system of aisles/beds/rows, beneficial weeds, noxious weeds, annual systems, biennial systems, perennial systems, vineyard systems, arboreal systems, haying and pasture systems, specialty crops, commodity crops, stockyarding, land reclamation, converting pasture to farmland, blight, smut, production economics, labor management, marketing, sales, distribution, trucking and all other subjects required to begin or manage a farm...together with a detailed review of the tools required to do so. These subjects are presented in context to the history of agriculture and an economic and practical comparison to conventional methods with clear, concise directions on how to integrate the various systems if desired.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Abhandlung Von Baumen Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella, Johann Riem