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China is emerging as a new superpower in science and technology,
reflected in the success of its spacecraft and high-velocity Maglev
trains. While many seek to understand the rise of China as a
technologically-based power, the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s
may seem an unlikely era to explore for these insights. Despite the
widespread verdict of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution as
an unmitigated disaster for China, a number of recent scholars have
called for re-examining Maoist science-both in China and in the
West. At one time Western observers found much to admire in
Chairman Mao's mass science, his egalitarian effort to take science
out of the ivory tower and place it in the hands of the
disenfranchised peasant, the loyal worker, and the patriot soldier.
Chunjuan Nancy Wei and Darryl E. Brock have assembled a rich mix of
talents and topics related to the fortunes and misfortunes of
science, technology, and medicine in modern China, while tracing
its roots to China's other great student revolution-the May Fourth
Movement. Historians of science, political scientists,
mathematicians, and others analyze how Maoist science served modern
China in nationalism, socialism, and nation-building-and also where
it failed the nation and the Chinese people. If the Cultural
Revolution contributed to China's emerging space program and
catalyzed modern malaria treatments based on Traditional Chinese
Medicine, it also provided the origins of a science talent gap and
the milieu from which a one-child policy would arise. Given the
fundamental importance of China today, and of East Asia generally,
it is imperative to have a better understanding of its most recent
scientific history, but especially that history in a period of
crisis and how that crisis was resolved. What is at issue here is
not only the specific domain of the history of science, but the
social and scientific policies of China generally as they developed
and were applied prior to, during, and after the Cultural
Revolution.
China is emerging as a new superpower in science and technology,
reflected in the success of its spacecraft and high-velocity Maglev
trains. While many seek to understand the rise of China as a
technologically-based power, the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s
may seem an unlikely era to explore for these insights. Despite the
widespread verdict of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution as
an unmitigated disaster for China, a number of recent scholars have
called for re-examining Maoist science-both in China and in the
West. At one time Western observers found much to admire in
Chairman Mao's mass science, his egalitarian effort to take science
out of the ivory tower and place it in the hands of the
disenfranchised peasant, the loyal worker, and the patriot soldier.
Chunjuan Nancy Wei and Darryl E. Brock have assembled a rich mix of
talents and topics related to the fortunes and misfortunes of
science, technology, and medicine in modern China, while tracing
its roots to China's other great student revolution-the May Fourth
Movement. Historians of science, political scientists,
mathematicians, and others analyze how Maoist science served modern
China in nationalism, socialism, and nation-building-and also where
it failed the nation and the Chinese people. If the Cultural
Revolution contributed to China's emerging space program and
catalyzed modern malaria treatments based on Traditional Chinese
Medicine, it also provided the origins of a science talent gap and
the milieu from which a one-child policy would arise. Given the
fundamental importance of China today, and of East Asia generally,
it is imperative to have a better understanding of its most recent
scientific history, but especially that history in a period of
crisis and how that crisis was resolved. What is at issue here is
not only the specific domain of the history of science, but the
social and scientific policies of China generally as they developed
and were applied prior to, during, and after the Cultural
Revolution.
China's Scientific Elite is a study of those scientists holding
China's highest academic honour - membership of the Chinese Academy
of Sciences. Having carried out extensive systematic data
collection of CAS members Cao examines the social stratification
system of the Chinese science community and the way in which
politics and political interference has effected the
stratification. The book then goes on to compare the Chinese system
to the stratification of the US scientific elite. The conclusions
are fascinating, not least because one national elite resides in a
democratic liberal social system, and the other in an authoritarian
social system.
China's Scientific Elite is a study of those scientists holding
China's highest academic honour - membership of the Chinese Academy
of Sciences. Having carried out extensive systematic data
collection of CAS members Cao examines the social stratification
system of the Chinese science community and the way in which
politics and political interference has effected the
stratification. The book then goes on to compare the Chinese system
to the stratification of the US scientific elite. The conclusions
are fascinating, not least because one national elite resides in a
democratic liberal social system, and the other in an authoritarian
social system.
In China, as elsewhere, the debate over genetically modified
organisms has become polarized into anti- and pro-GMO camps. Given
the size of China's population and market, much is at stake in
conflicts over regulation for domestic as well as international
actors. In this book, Cong Cao provides an even-handed analysis
that illuminates the tensions that have shaped China's policy
toward agricultural biotechnology in a global perspective. Cao
presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of how China's
policy toward research and commercialization of genetically
modified crops has shifted that explains how China's changing GMO
stances reflect its evolving position on the world stage. While
China's scientific community has set the agenda, it has encountered
resistance rooted in concerns over food safety and consumers'
rights as well as issues of intellectual property rights and food
sovereignty. Although Chinese leaders at first sought to take
advantage of the biotech revolution by promoting GMO crop
consumption, Cao demonstrates that policy has since become
precautionary, as seen in new laws and regulations grounded in
concerns over safety and the deferral of commercialization of GM
rice. He presents China's policies in light of changing global
attitudes toward GM crops: As shifts in China have closely followed
global trends, so has domestic activism. Drawing on government and
scientific documents as well as interviews with scientists,
officials, policy analysts, activists, and journalists, GMO China
is an important book for China studies, science and technology
studies, policy analysts, and professionals interested in the
Chinese biotechnology market.
In China, as elsewhere, the debate over genetically modified
organisms has become polarized into anti- and pro-GMO camps. Given
the size of China's population and market, much is at stake in
conflicts over regulation for domestic as well as international
actors. In this book, Cong Cao provides an even-handed analysis
that illuminates the tensions that have shaped China's policy
toward agricultural biotechnology in a global perspective. Cao
presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of how China's
policy toward research and commercialization of genetically
modified crops has shifted that explains how China's changing GMO
stances reflect its evolving position on the world stage. While
China's scientific community has set the agenda, it has encountered
resistance rooted in concerns over food safety and consumers'
rights as well as issues of intellectual property rights and food
sovereignty. Although Chinese leaders at first sought to take
advantage of the biotech revolution by promoting GMO crop
consumption, Cao demonstrates that policy has since become
precautionary, as seen in new laws and regulations grounded in
concerns over safety and the deferral of commercialization of GM
rice. He presents China's policies in light of changing global
attitudes toward GM crops: As shifts in China have closely followed
global trends, so has domestic activism. Drawing on government and
scientific documents as well as interviews with scientists,
officials, policy analysts, activists, and journalists, GMO China
is an important book for China studies, science and technology
studies, policy analysts, and professionals interested in the
Chinese biotechnology market.
In less than thirty years, China has become a major force in the
global economy. One feature of its rapid ascent has been an
enormous expansion of the country's science and technology
capabilities, leading to the emergence of a large and increasingly
well-educated talent pool. Yet China finds itself engaged in an
internal debate as to whether its full potential can be realised.
At the heart of this debate lie a number of uncertainties
surrounding the quality, quantity and effective utilisation of
China's S&T workforce. Written by two leading experts in the
field, this book is the first in forty years to address these
critical issues. Building on exciting new research and a plethora
of comprehensive statistical materials, its findings will have
significant policy implications both for China and the
international community, especially in terms of issues relating to
national competitiveness and innovation potential.
There are a variety of reasons underlying the remarkable
development of science and technology (S&T), and innovation in
post-1978 China. This book seeks to achieve an understanding of
such development from an institutional or a political economy
perspective. Departing from the literature of S&T and
innovation studies that treats innovation as a market or
enterprise's behavior in Schumpeter's sense, Sun and Cao argue that
it involves politics, institutions, and the role of the state. In
particular, they examine how the Chinese state has played its
visible role in making innovation policies, allocating funding for
R&D programs, making efforts to attract talent, and organizing
critical S&T programs. This book appeals to scholars in S&T
and innovation policy, political economy, innovation governance,
and China studies as well as policymakers and business executives.
In less than thirty years, China has become a major force in the
global economy. One feature of its rapid ascent has been an
enormous expansion of the country's science and technology
capabilities, leading to the emergence of a large and increasingly
well-educated talent pool. Yet China finds itself engaged in an
internal debate as to whether its full potential can be realised.
At the heart of this debate lie a number of uncertainties
surrounding the quality, quantity and effective utilisation of
China's S&T workforce. Written by two leading experts in the
field, this book is the first in forty years to address these
critical issues. Building on exciting new research and a plethora
of comprehensive statistical materials, its findings will have
significant policy implications both for China and the
international community, especially in terms of issues relating to
national competitiveness and innovation potential.
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