This comprehensive and far-reaching book describes the growth and economic integration of the European economy from 1500 to 1913. The authors apply macroeconomic techniques to identify growth rates, inflation, product markets, trade networks and business cycles across a set of countries over the period. The book demonstrates that growth was the natural state for European economies throughout the period although, under the impetus of the industrial revolution, growth rates generally accelerated by the end of the nineteenth century. Similarly, business cycles in the modern sense seem to have been in evidence at the beginning of the period but by the eighteenth century there is no doubt that modern cycles affected these countries, sometimes simultaneously. Inflationary episodes are both distinct and shared in this long period, with the long inflation of the sixteenth century attesting to the integration of European markets. Finally, the authors find abundant quantitative evidence to support the argument that economies linked by international trade in 1500 came close to achieving global integration by 1913. The European Macroeconomy will be of interest to scholars of economic history, international economics and macroeconomics.

This comprehensive and far-reaching book describes the growth and economic integration of the European economy from 1500 to 1913. The authors apply macroeconomic techniques to identify growth rates, inflation, product markets, trade networks and business cycles across a set of countries over the period. The book demonstrates that growth was the natural state for European economies throughout the period although, under the impetus of the industrial revolution, growth rates generally accelerated by the end of the nineteenth century. Similarly, business cycles in the modern sense seem to have been in evidence at the beginning of the period but by the eighteenth century there is no doubt that modern cycles affected these countries, sometimes simultaneously. Inflationary episodes are both distinct and shared in this long period, with the long inflation of the sixteenth century attesting to the integration of European markets. Finally, the authors find abundant quantitative evidence to support the argument that economies linked by international trade in 1500 came close to achieving global integration by 1913. The European Macroeconomy will be of interest to scholars of economic history, international economics and macroeconomics.

This volume documents the economic integration of the European national economies over the period 1850-1913. The authors concentrate on the macroeconomic aspects of this integration, focusing on measures of aggregate output and monetary aggregates as they relate to policy concerns, such as those surrounding the implementation of the gold standard, as well as the possible interaction of nominal and real factors in both growth and cycles. They also date the `European' cycle and show a close coincidence across nations.

Transcending the common distinctions between high church/low church and formal/informal, this book argues for a balance in the patterns and various levels of worship participation, giving all Christians a fresh look at worship as a whole. Craig Erickson discusses the elements of participation in detail, setting historical and theological insights within a comprehensive theory of liturgical participation. He enables students, ministers, and congregations to understand the historical significance of the elements of worship and offers useful suggestions for strengthening Christian worship.