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John Hagedorn, who has long been an expert witness in gang-related
court cases, claims that what transpires in the trials of gang
members is a far cry from what we would consider justice. In Gangs
on Trial, he recounts his decades of experience to show how
stereotypes are used against gang members on trial and why that is
harmful. Hagedorn uses real-life stories to explain how implicit
bias often replaces evidence and how the demonization of gang
members undermines fairness. Moreover, a "them and us" mentality
leads to snap judgments that ignore the complexity of gang life in
America. Gangs on Trial dispels myths about gangs and recommends
tactics for lawyers, mitigation specialists, and expert witnesses
as well as offering insights for jurors. Hagedorn describes how
minds are subconsciously "primed" when a defendant is identified as
a gang member, and discusses the "backfire effect," which occurs
when jurors hear arguments that run counter to their beliefs. He
also reveals how attributional errors, prejudice, and racism impact
sentences of nonwhite defendants. Hagedorn argues that
dehumanization is the psychological foundation of mass
incarceration. Gangs on Trial advocates for practical sentencing
reforms and humanizing justice.
How can otherwise normal, moral persons - as citizens, voters, and
jurors - participate in a process that is designed to take the life
of another? In DEATH BY DESIGN, research psychologist Craig Haney
argues that capital punishment, and particularly the sequence of
events that lead to death sentencing itself, is maintained through
a complex and elaborate social psychological system that distances
and disengages us from the true nature of the task. Relying heavily
on his own research and that of other social scientists, Haney
suggests that these social psychological forces enable persons to
engage in behavior from which many of them otherwise would refrain.
However, by facilitating death sentencing in these ways, this
inter-related set of social psychological forces also undermines
the reliability and authenticity of the process, and compromises
the fairness of its outcomes. Because these social psychological
forces are systemic in nature - built into the very system of death
sentencing itself - Haney concludes by suggesting a number of
inter-locking reforms, derived directly from empirical research on
capital punishment, that are needed to increase the fairness and
reliability of the process.
The historic and ongoing public debate over the death penalty
takes place not only in courtrooms, but also in classrooms,
offices, and living rooms. This timely book offers stimulating
insights into capital punishment for professionals and students
working in psychology, law, criminology, sociology, and cultural
area studies. As capital punishment receives continued attention in
the media, it is also a necessary and provocative guide that
empowers all readers to come to their own conclusionsabout the
death penalty.
John Hagedorn, who has long been an expert witness in gang-related
court cases, claims that what transpires in the trials of gang
members is a far cry from what we would consider justice. In Gangs
on Trial, he recounts his decades of experience to show how
stereotypes are used against gang members on trial and why that is
harmful. Hagedorn uses real-life stories to explain how implicit
bias often replaces evidence and how the demonization of gang
members undermines fairness. Moreover, a "them and us" mentality
leads to snap judgments that ignore the complexity of gang life in
America. Gangs on Trial dispels myths about gangs and recommends
tactics for lawyers, mitigation specialists, and expert witnesses
as well as offering insights for jurors. Hagedorn describes how
minds are subconsciously "primed" when a defendant is identified as
a gang member, and discusses the "backfire effect," which occurs
when jurors hear arguments that run counter to their beliefs. He
also reveals how attributional errors, prejudice, and racism impact
sentences of nonwhite defendants. Hagedorn argues that
dehumanization is the psychological foundation of mass
incarceration. Gangs on Trial advocates for practical sentencing
reforms and humanizing justice.
In this groundbreaking book that is built on decades of work on the
front lines of the criminal justice system, expert psychologist
Craig Haney encourages meaningful and lasting reform by changing
the public narrative about who commits crime and why. Based on his
comprehensive review and analysis of the research, Haney offers a
carefully framed and psychologically based blueprint for making the
criminal justice system fairer, with strategies to reduce crime
through proactive prevention instead of reactive punishment. Haney
meticulously reviews evidence documenting the ways in which a
person's social history, institutional experiences, and present
circumstances powerfully shape their life, with a special focus on
the role of social, economic, and racial injustice in crime
causation. Haney debunks the 'crime master narrative' - the
widespread myth that criminality is a product of free and
autonomous 'bad' choices - an increasingly anachronistic view that
cannot bear the weight of contemporary psychological data and
theory. This is a must-read for understanding what truly influences
criminal behavior, and the strategies for prevention and
rehabilitation that follow.
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