This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important and innovative changes in theories and concepts. Gathering revised contributions presented at the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR18), held on October 24-26 2018 in Seville, Spain, the book is divided into three main parts. The first focuses on models, reasoning, and representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an applied perspective, and addresses issues concerning information visualization, experimental methods, and design. The second part goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving, and reasoning. The respective papers assess different types of reasoning, and discuss various concepts of inference and creativity and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third part reports on a number of epistemological and technological issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and describing representative case studies, this part is intended to foster new discussions and stimulate new ideas. All in all, the book provides researchers and graduate students in the fields of applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of the latest theories and applications of model-based reasoning.

This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important and innovative changes in theories and concepts. Gathering revised contributions presented at the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR18), held on October 24-26 2018 in Seville, Spain, the book is divided into three main parts. The first focuses on models, reasoning, and representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an applied perspective, and addresses issues concerning information visualization, experimental methods, and design. The second part goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving, and reasoning. The respective papers assess different types of reasoning, and discuss various concepts of inference and creativity and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third part reports on a number of epistemological and technological issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and describing representative case studies, this part is intended to foster new discussions and stimulate new ideas. All in all, the book provides researchers and graduate students in the fields of applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of the latest theories and applications of model-based reasoning.

The papers that constitute the present volume are a result of the interface between logic and knowledge where flow of information, agentivity, and the dialogical approach interweave in new and exciting ways in the context of what van Benthem calls the dynamic turn. Moreover one can read the present volume as providing different complementary variations and perspectives that should motivate and render future new cross-fertilizing dialogues between explicit epistemic and dialogical approaches. Indeed, according to this reading we could distinguish the following pairs of interlocutors: While the paper of F. Soler-Toscano & F.R. Velazquez-Quesada and Laura Leonides explore the dynamics induced by the arrival of new information in scientific processes such as abduction by means of non-monotonic approaches to reasoning and knowledge, V. Fiutek studies the other side of the coin of non-monotonic reasoning, namely belief revision, in a dialogical setting. While the paper of P. Seban and H. van Ditmarsch develops a model theoretic semantics for a generalization of Public Announcement Logic (PAL) in order to formalize the concept of 'having the permission to say something to somebody'. S. Magnier provides the semantic basis for the dialogical perspective on multi-agent public announcement logic with common knowledge. While the paper of T. Tulenheimo explores the expressivity of interval-based temporal logic, N. Clerbout studies the expressivity of the dialogical approach in relation to a modal logic with actuality operator. Another study of the expressivity power of dialogical logic is the contribution of Fontaine and Redmond who show how the inferential properties of the standard free logics can be expressed in the dialogical framework by delving in the local meaning of the quantifiers. The papers of C. Bares Gomez and of Aude Popek present a new feature of the dynamic turn, namely its sensitivity and ability to deal with historic studies such as the study of conditionals in Ugaritic language and the reconstruction of the medieval theory of Obligationes.

La negacion es un fenomeno linguistico, logico y filosofico que no deja de asombrarnos con nuevos enigmas. A nuestro juicio, el estudio del uso de las particulas negativas en las primeras lenguas escritas, tales como el ugaritico, abre nuevas perspectivas para la comprension del multifacetico no . El tema fundamental de este trabajo, necesariamente interdisciplinario, consiste en la propuesta y la defensa de una formulacion de la negacion l / al ugaritica como una negacion intensional epistemica. La formulacion intensional de dicha negacion debe entenderse, de acuerdo a la autora, dentro del marco de un paradigma evidencial de la lengua cuya semantica formal es desarrollada mediante una logica dinamica epistemica. Este libro contiene un analisis pormenorizado de las particulas l / al en ugaritico a partir de sus ocurrencias en las cartas ugariticas y una discusion de las teorias actuales sobre las particulas l + vocal/vocal + l (lV/Vl) en varias lenguas semiticas: acadio, hebreo, canaano-acadio y las hipotesis sobre el proto-semitico. Junto con los analisis precedentes, se proveen una vision general de la categoria de modalidad y de la negacion desde una perspectiva de la tipologia linguistica contemporanea. El nucleo del trabajo concierne dos partes principales; 1) Un estudio sistematico de los vinculos entre los evidenciales y la modalidad epistemica (o no) y el desarrollo de una nueva semantica formal para los evidenciales basada en la logica epistemica dinamica. Tal semantica ofrece la posibilidad de especificar formalmente la diferencia entre evidenciales directos e indirectos 2) La aplicacion del estudio general de la formalizacion de la evidencialidad a la negacion ugaritica, asi como su relacion con la modalidad ugaritica sentencial y subsentencial mediante el alcance de diferentes operadores.