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Populism is on the rise in Europe and the Americas. Scholars
increasingly understand populist forces in terms of their ideas or
discourse, one that envisions a cosmic struggle between the will of
the common people and a conspiring elite. In this volume, we
advance populism scholarship by proposing a causal theory and
methodological guidelines - a research program - based on this
ideational approach. This program argues that populism exists as a
set of widespread attitudes among ordinary citizens, and that these
attitudes lie dormant until activated by weak democratic governance
and policy failure. It offers methodological guidelines for
scholars seeking to measure populist ideas and test their effects.
And, to ground the program empirically, it tests this theory at
multiple levels of analysis using original data on populist
discourse across European and US party systems; case studies of
populist forces in Europe, Latin America, and the US; survey data
from Europe and Latin America; and experiments in Chile, the US,
and the UK. The result is a truly systematic, comparative approach
that helps answer questions about the causes and effects of
populism.
Populism is a central concept in the current media debates about
politics and elections. However, like most political buzzwords, the
term often floats from one meaning to another, and both social
scientists and journalists use it to denote diverse phenomena. What
is populism really? Who are the populist leaders? And what is the
relationship between populism and democracy? This book answers
these questions in a simple and persuasive way, offering a swift
guide to populism in theory and practice. Cas Mudde and Cristobal
Rovera Kaltwasser present populism as an ideology that divides
society into two antagonistic camps, the "pure people" versus the
"corrupt elite," and that privileges the general will of the people
above all else. They illustrate the practical power of this
ideology through a survey of representative populist movements of
the modern era: European right-wing parties, left-wing presidents
in Latin America, and the Tea Party movement in the United States.
The authors delve into the ambivalent personalities of charismatic
populist leaders such as Juan Domingo Peron, H. Ross Perot,
Jean-Marie le Pen, Silvio Berlusconi, and Hugo Chavez. If the
strong male leader embodies the mainstream form of populism, many
resolute women, such as Eva Peron, Pauline Hanson, and Sarah Palin,
have also succeeded in building a populist status, often by
exploiting gendered notions of society. Although populism is
ultimately part of democracy, populist movements constitute an
increasing challenge to democratic politics. Comparing political
trends across different countries, this compelling book debates
what the long-term consequences of this challenge could be, as it
turns the spotlight on the bewildering effect of populism on
today's political and social life.
Populism is on the rise in Europe and the Americas. Scholars
increasingly understand populist forces in terms of their ideas or
discourse, one that envisions a cosmic struggle between the will of
the common people and a conspiring elite. In this volume, we
advance populism scholarship by proposing a causal theory and
methodological guidelines - a research program - based on this
ideational approach. This program argues that populism exists as a
set of widespread attitudes among ordinary citizens, and that these
attitudes lie dormant until activated by weak democratic governance
and policy failure. It offers methodological guidelines for
scholars seeking to measure populist ideas and test their effects.
And, to ground the program empirically, it tests this theory at
multiple levels of analysis using original data on populist
discourse across European and US party systems; case studies of
populist forces in Europe, Latin America, and the US; survey data
from Europe and Latin America; and experiments in Chile, the US,
and the UK. The result is a truly systematic, comparative approach
that helps answer questions about the causes and effects of
populism.
Populist forces are becoming increasingly relevant across the
world, and studies on populism have entered the mainstream of the
political science discipline. However, so far no book has
synthesized the ongoing debate on how to study the populist
phenomenon. This handbook provides state of the art research and
scholarship on populism, and lays out, not only the cumulated
knowledge on populism, but also the ongoing discussions and
research gaps on this topic. IThe Oxford Handbook of Populism is
divided into four sections. The first presents the main conceptual
approaches on populism and points out how the phenomenon in
question can be empirically analyzed. The second focuses on
populist forces across the world and includes chapters on Africa,
Australia and New Zealand, Central and Eastern Europe, East Asia,
India, Latin America, the Post-Soviet States, the United States,
and Western Europe. The third reflects on the interaction between
populism and various relevant issues both from a scholarly and
political point of view. Amongst other issues, chapters analyze the
relationship between populism and fascism, foreign policy, gender,
nationalism, political parties, religion, social movements and
technocracy. Finally, the fourth part includes some of the most
recent normative debates on populism, including chapters on
populism and cosmopolitanism, constitutionalism, hegemony, the
history of popular sovereignty, the idea of the people, and
socialism. The handbook features contributions from leading experts
in the field, and is indispensible, positioning the study of
populism in political science.
In spite of the fact that Conservative, Christian democratic and
Liberal parties continue to play a crucial role in the democratic
politics and governance of every Western European country, they are
rarely paid the attention they deserve. This cutting-edge
comparative collection, combining qualitative case studies with
large-N quantitative analysis, reveals a mainstream right squeezed
by the need to adapt to both 'the silent revolution' that has seen
the spread of postmaterialist, liberal and cosmopolitan values and
the backlash against those values - the 'silent counter-revolution'
that has brought with it the rise of a myriad far right parties
offering populist and nativist answers to many of the continent's
thorniest political problems. What explains why some mainstream
right parties seem to be coping with that challenge better than
others? And does the temptation to ride the populist wave rather
than resist it ultimately pose a danger to liberal democracy?
In spite of the fact that Conservative, Christian democratic and
Liberal parties continue to play a crucial role in the democratic
politics and governance of every Western European country, they are
rarely paid the attention they deserve. This cutting-edge
comparative collection, combining qualitative case studies with
large-N quantitative analysis, reveals a mainstream right squeezed
by the need to adapt to both 'the silent revolution' that has seen
the spread of postmaterialist, liberal and cosmopolitan values and
the backlash against those values - the 'silent counter-revolution'
that has brought with it the rise of a myriad far right parties
offering populist and nativist answers to many of the continent's
thorniest political problems. What explains why some mainstream
right parties seem to be coping with that challenge better than
others? And does the temptation to ride the populist wave rather
than resist it ultimately pose a danger to liberal democracy?
Although 'populism' has become something of a buzzword in
discussions about politics, it tends to be studied by country or
region. This is the first book to offer a genuine cross-regional
perspective on populism and its impact on democracy. By analyzing
current experiences of populism in Europe and the Americas, this
edited volume convincingly demonstrates that populism can be both a
threat and a corrective to democracy. The contributors also
demonstrate the interesting similarities between right-wing and
left-wing populism: both types of populism are prone to defend a
political model that is not against democracy per se, but rather at
odds with liberal democracy. Populism in Europe and the Americas
offers new insights into the current state of democracy from both a
theoretical and an empirical point of view.
Although 'populism' has become something of a buzzword in
discussions about politics, it tends to be studied by country or
region. This is the first book to offer a genuine cross-regional
perspective on populism and its impact on democracy. By analyzing
current experiences of populism in Europe and the Americas, this
edited volume convincingly demonstrates that populism can be both a
threat and a corrective to democracy. The contributors also
demonstrate the interesting similarities between right-wing and
left-wing populism: both types of populism are prone to defend a
political model that is not against democracy per se, but rather at
odds with liberal democracy. Populism in Europe and the Americas
offers new insights into the current state of democracy from both a
theoretical and an empirical point of view.
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