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Jaundice ofnewbom infants was described by several authors in the
17th century. The condition, however, was usually thought of as
being similar to adult jaundice and due ro occlusion of the bile
ducts by 'glutinous humours'. On the other hand, some writers
reported on the fact that more than one consecutive baby was often
affected, and there is a classic example of the disease in twins
written by Louyse Bourgeois, the midwife of Marie de Medici, in
1609. It was not until early in the 20th century that it was
realised that the common link between these familial cases was
anaemia, and later still that this was of the haemolytic type. The
breakthrough, in terms of an idea, came in 1938, when Darrow
postulated that the baby's red cells were destroyed by an immune
reaction on the part of the mother, the result of immunisation by
paternal factors in the fetus. Shortly afterwards Wiener discovered
an entirely new blood group system, 'Rh', and it was found that it
was in compatibility within this system that was responsible for
the vast majority of cases of haemolytic disease of the newborn."
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