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Engineering Expansion examines the U.S. Army's role in U.S.
economic development from the nation's founding to the eve of the
Civil War. William D. Adler starts with a simple question: if the
federal government was weak in its early years, how could the
economy and the nation have grown so rapidly? Adler answers this
question by focusing on the strongest part of the early American
state, the U.S. Army. The Army shaped the American economy through
its coercive actions in conquering territory, expanding the
nation's borders, and maintaining public order and the rule of law.
It built roads, bridges, and railroads while Army engineers and
ordnance officers developed new technologies, constructed forts
that encouraged western settlement and nurtured nascent
communities, cleared rivers, and created manufacturing innovations
that spread throughout the private sector. Politicians fought for
control of the Army, but War Department bureaucracies also
contributed to their own development by shaping the preferences of
elected officials. Engineering Expansion synthesizes a wide range
of historical material and will be of interest to those interested
in early America, military history, and politics in the early
United States.
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) has been an important policy tool of
government since the 1980s, when the Reagan administration ordered
that all major new regulations be subjected to a rigorous test of
whether their projected benefits would outweigh their costs. Not
surprisingly, CBA has been criticized by many who claim that it
neglects, especially on the benefit side, important values that are
hard to measure.
In this book, the authors reconceptualize cost-benefit analysis,
arguing that its objective should be overall well-being rather than
economic efficiency. They show why the link between preferences and
well-being is more complicated than economists have thought.
Satisfying a person's preference for some outcome is
welfare-enhancing only if he or she is self-interested and
well-informed. Also, cost-benefit analysis is not a super-procedure
but simply a way to identify welfare-maximizing policies. A
separate kind of analysis is required to weigh rights and equal
treatment.
This book not only places cost-benefit analysis on a firmer
theoretical foundation, but also has many practical implications
for how government agencies should undertake cost-benefit
studies.
Memorial began as a group of dissidents who secretly met to
exchange stories of Stalinist repression, make contacts, and
collect whatever records they could obtain to establish historical
truths about Soviet totalitarianism. In Victims of Soviet Terror,
Nanci Adler records how Memorial grew from a "suspect" organization
to a powerful human rights movement that collects and disseminates
information about Stalinism's crimes and has established a monument
to the millions persecuted by the K.G.B. across from the Lubyanka,
the shrine of totalitarianism. Using Memorial's own documents,
interviews with its founders and supporters, and Soviet and Western
news accounts, Adler examines Memorial's functions as a historical
society and political force, particularly its efforts to
posthymously try Stalin and Stalinist leaders for crimes against
the Soviet people.
This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger
Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain
imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed
pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we
have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting,
preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger
Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and
hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!
This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger
Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain
imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed
pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we
have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting,
preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger
Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and
hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!
Disputes over government policies rage in a number of areas. From
taxation to climate change, from public finance to risk regulation,
and from health care to infrastructure planning, advocates debate
how policies affect multiple dimensions of individual well-being,
how these effects balance against each other, and how trade-offs
between overall well-being and inequality should be resolved. How
to measure and balance well-being gains and losses, is a vexed
issue. Matthew D. Adler advances the debate by introducing the
social welfare function (SWF) framework and demonstrating how it
can be used as a powerful tool for evaluating governmental
policies. The framework originates in welfare economics and in
philosophical scholarship regarding individual well-being, ethics,
and distributive justice. It has three core components: a
well-being measure, which translates each of the possible policy
outcomes into an array of interpersonally comparable well-being
numbers, quantifying how well off each person in the population
would be in that outcome; a rule for ranking outcomes thus
described ; and an uncertainty module, which orders policies
understood as probability distributions over outcomes. The SWF
framework is a significant improvement compared to cost-benefit
analysis (CBA), which quantifies policy impacts in dollars, is
thereby biased towards the rich, and is insensitive to the
distribution of these monetized impacts. The SWF framework, by
contrast, uses an unbiased measure of well-being and allows the
policymaker to consider both efficiency (total well-being) and
equity (the distribution of well-being). Because the SWF framework
is a fully generic methodology for policy assessment, Adler also
discusses how it can be implemented to inform government policies.
He illustrates it through a detailed case study of risk regulation,
contrasting the implication of results of SWF and CBA. This book
provides an accessible, yet rigorous overview of the SWF approach
that can inform policy-makers and students.
Cost-benefit analysis is a widely used governmental evaluation
tool, though academics remain skeptical. This volume gathers
prominent contributors from law, economics, and philosophy for
discussion of cost-benefit analysis, specifically its moral
foundations, applications and limitations.
This new scholarly debate includes not only economists, but also
contributors from philosophy, cognitive psychology, legal studies,
and public policy who can further illuminate the justification and
moral implications of this method and specify alternative measures.
These articles originally appeared in the "Journal of Legal
Studies."
Contributors:
- Matthew D. Adler - Gary S. Becker
- John Broome - Robert H. Frank
- Robert W. Hahn - Lewis A. Kornhauser
- Martha C. Nussbaum - Eric A. Posner
- Richard A. Posner - Henry S. Richardson
- Amartya Sen - Cass R. Sunstein
- W. Kip Viscusi
Prioritarianism is an ethical theory that gives extra weight to the
well-being of the worse off. In contrast, dominant
policy-evaluation methodologies, such as benefit-cost analysis,
cost-effectiveness analysis, and utilitarianism, ignore or downplay
issues of fair distribution. Based on a research group founded by
the editors, this important book is the first to show how
prioritarianism can be used to assess governmental policies and
evaluate societal conditions. This book uses prioritarianism as a
methodology to evaluate governmental policy across a variety of
policy domains: taxation, health policy, risk regulation,
education, climate policy, and the COVID-19 pandemic. It is also
the first to demonstrate how prioritarianism improves on GDP as an
indicator of a society's progress over time. Edited by two senior
figures in the field with contributions from some of the world's
leading economists, this volume bridges the gap from the theory of
prioritarianism to its practical application.
The 'MRS Proceedings' series is an internationally recognised
reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.
This volume assembles thirteen essays by two of the greatest
British Germanists, Elizabeth Mary Wilkinson and Leonard Ashley
Willoughby. The essays are presented chronologically from 1942 to
1969 and offer extraordinary insights into Goethe's works and
Schiller's aesthetics. They demonstrate the ways in which and the
extent to which Wilkinson and Willoughby in their thirty-five years
of collaboration reshaped the study of Goethe and Schiller in the
United Kingdom with their combination of critical intelligence,
historical awareness and literary panache. These essays are fresh
and immediate - not simply because Wilkinson and Willoughby wrote
so well, but also because their arguments have much to contribute
to literary studies in the present Age of Theory. By their analyses
they show how Goethe and Schiller provide us with intellectual
models and an understanding of the importance of art for life.
'Wholeness' is the key concept which permeates these essays; it is
testimony to what criticism can achieve when the whole man and the
whole woman act in unison.
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